Table 2.

Circulating markers of redox balance in the patients enrolled in the study, grouped according to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

	Adherence to Mediterranean Diet
	Low (n = 76)	Moderate (n = 135)	High (n = 95)	p
GSH (µM)	39.6 ± 22.1	49.0 ± 22.6 *	64.6 ± 24.7 ***,†††	<0.001
GSSG (µM)	6.39 ± 3.03	5.59 ± 2.72	5.31 ± 3.15	0.051
GSSG/GSH (%)	28.4 ± 37.6	18.2 ± 24.9 *	10.3 ± 9.23 ***	<0.001
HNE–protein adducts (AUF)	48.4 ± 23.1	36.6 ± 21.0 ***	27.6 ± 17.3 ***,††	<0.001
MDA–protein adducts (AUF)	93.3 ± 51.8	75.0 ± 41.6 **	59.5 ± 38.0 ***,†	<0.001

Statistical differences were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. p values < 0.05 (in bold) were considered significant. * = p < 0.05 vs. low; ** = p < 0.01 vs. low; *** = p < 0.001 vs. low; ^† = p < 0.05 vs. moderate; ^†† = p < 0.01 vs. moderate; ^††† = p < 0.001 vs. moderate. GSH, oxidized glutathione; GSSG, reduced glutathione; HNE, hydroxynonenal; and MDA, malondialdehyde.