Table 2.
Association between dietary fibre intake, body composition, metabolic markers, and metabolic syndrome.
| Variable | All Participants a β (95% CI) n = 284 |
p Value | Pacific β (95% CI) n = 124 |
p Value | NZ European β (95% CI) n = 160 |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | ||||||
| Weight (kg) | −1.10 [−1.53, −0.66] | p < 0.001 | −1.61 [−2.59, −0.63] | p = 0.014 | −1.06 [−1.53, −0.59] | p < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.38 [−0.53, −0.24] | p < 0.001 | −0.53 [−0.86, −0.21] | p = 0.017 | −0.38 [−0.53, −0.22] | p < 0.001 |
| Waist Circumference | −0.80 [−1.11, −0.49] | p < 0.001 | −1.01 [−1.69, −0.33] | p = 0.004 | −0.80 [−1.16, −0.45] | p < 0.001 |
| Total body fat % | −0.47 [−0.62, −0.31] | p < 0.001 | −0.48 [−0.77, −0.19] | p = 0.016 | −0.48 [−0.68, −0.28] | p < 0.001 |
| Visceral fat % | −0.61 [−0.82, −0.40] | p < 0.001 | −0.59 [−1.01, −0.18] | p = 0.006 | −0.64 [−0.90, −0.37] | p < 0.001 |
| Metabolic markers b,c | ||||||
| TC (mmol/L) | −0.04 [−0.06, −0.01] | p = 0.001 | −0.02 [−0.05, 0.02] | p = 0.328 | −0.04 [−0.06, −0.01] | p = 0.016 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.0004 [−0.01, 0.01] | p = 0.910 | 0.003 [−0.01, 0.02] | p = 0.700 | 0.001 [−0.01, 0.01] | p = 0.897 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | −0.03 [−0.05, −0.01] | p = 0.002 | −0.01 [−0.05, 0.02] | p = 0.521 | −0.04 [−0.06, −0.01] | p = 0.015 |
| TAG (mmol/L) | −0.01 [−0.02, 0.01] | p = 0.304 | −0.01 [−0.04, 0.01] | p = 0.333 | −0.04 [−0.02, 0.01] | p = 0.511 |
| HbA1c (mmol/L) d | −0.005 [−0.07, 0.06] | p = 0.882 | −0.05 [−0.21, 0.10] | p = 0.488 | −0.01 [−0.08, 0.06] | p = 0.829 |
| Fasting Glucose (mmol/L) | −0.02 [−0.02, 0.0005] | p = 0.061 | −0.01 [−0.04, 0.01] | p = 0.370 | −0.01 [−0.02, 0.002] | p = 0.125 |
| Fasting Insulin e | 0.99 [0.98, 1.00] | p = 0.101 | 0.97 [0.94, 1.00] | p = 0.046 | 0.99 [0.98, 1.01] | p = 0.226 |
| Metabolic syndrome (OR) f | 0.91 [0.84, 0.98] | p = 0.010 | 0.93 [0.81, 1.05] | p = 0.238 | 0.90 [0.82, 0.98] | p = 0.020 |
All models adjusted for age, NZDep2013, energy, protein, total fat, and carbohydrate intake. a further adjusted for ethnicity; b further adjusted for body fat% groups. c Pacific woman (n = 1) and d Pacific women (n = 3) not included in analyses due to missing data. e data has been log-transformed (ln) and is presented as a ratio (eβ). f OR: Odds ratio. Metabolic syndrome assessed with a Harmonised definition [21]. Regression coefficients represent the change in the outcome per 1 g of change in dietary fibre intake.