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. 2024 Sep 19;16(10):2322–2348. doi: 10.1038/s44321-024-00140-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the data associated with this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data, but does not extend to the graphical or creative elements of illustrations, charts, or figures. This waiver removes legal barriers to the re-use and mining of research data. According to standard scholarly practice, it is recommended to provide appropriate citation and attribution whenever technically possible.

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Figure EV4 — (A) Scatter plot depicting orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results for the frontal lobe comparing the BLWI-30 and BWI-30 groups. (B) Scatter plot depicting the OPLS-DA data for the temporal lobe comparing the BLWI-30 and BWI-30 groups. (C, D) The bar plot displays the KEGG annotation of detected metabolites for the frontal lobe (C) and temporal lobe (D). The x-axis represents the percentage of identified metabolites in each KEGG class. (E, F) Depiction of overall changes in differential metabolites within a specific pathway for the frontal lobe (E) and temporal lobe (F). The Differential Abundance Score (DA Score) was calculated as the ratio of the difference between the upregulated metabolite count and the downregulated metabolite count on a specific pathway to the total count of metabolites on that pathway. (A–F) Frontal lobe: BWI-30, n = 5, BLWI-30, n = 5; temporal lobe: BWI-30, n = 6, BLWI-30, n = 7. All replicates shown were biological replicates. P values were calculated by Fisher’s exact test (E, F) using the ggplot2 R package.