Table 4.
Significant PFAS-protein associations, adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons in Meta-AIR, and cross-database protein functional annotations.
| Protein names | β (95 % CI)a | Functional annotations |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| PFOA (1 protein) | ||
| LBP | 0.42 (0.17, 0.67)* | Innate immunity |
| PFHxS (2 proteins) | ||
| GDF2 | 0.12 (0.05, 0.19)* | Inhibitor of angiogenesis; cartilage and bone development; differentiation of cholinergic central nervous system neurons |
| PRSS2 | 0.15 (0.06, 0.23)* | Defensin processing in the ileum; Pancreatic secretion; collagen degradation |
| PFNA (1 protein) | ||
| AOC3 | −0.25 (−0.41, −0.10)* | Monoamine oxidase activity; adipogenesis |
| Tertiles of PFAS Mixtures (3 proteins) | ||
| AOC3 | −0.16 (−0.26, −0.07)* | Monoamine oxidase activity; adipogenesis |
| GDF15 | 0.18 (0.08, 0.28)* | Pleiotropic cytokine; stress response after cellular injury; inflammation; oxidative stress |
| IL6 | 0.43 (0.18, 0.69)* | Inflammation; immunity; tissue regeneration; metabolism |
Protein abbreviations: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP); Growth/differentiation factor 2 (GDF2); Trypsin-2 (PRSS2); Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3); Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15); Interleukin-6 (IL6).
*
Statistical significance for multiple comparisons based on a PCA-adjusted α threshold of 0.00178.
a
Model adjusted for age, sex, and parental education.