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. 2024 Oct 15;14:24179. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75667-9

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© The Author(s) 2024

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Fig. 4 — Conversion of synthetic frames to 1D vectors for OSS processing. Each frame is serialized into a 1D vector by processing blocks of pixel values (patches) in two orientations: row-wise and column-wise (see Methods).