Table 2.
The association between categorical variables and patient groups based on snakebite severity score (SSS) and response to treatment.
| Variable | SSS | P‐value | Response to treatment | P‐value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild n = 9 | Moderate n = 24 | Severe n = 17 | Adequate n = 33 | Poor n = 17 | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female | ‐ | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 0.654 | 3 | 1 | >0.99 | |||
| Male | 9 (19.6) | 21 (45.7) | 16 (34.8) | 30 | 16 | |||||
| Site | ||||||||||
| Upper extremities | 7 (23.3) | 13 (43.3) | 10 (33.3) | 0.517 | 20 (66.7) | 10 (33.3) | >0.99 | |||
| Lower extremities | 2 (10) | 11 (55) | 7 (35) | 13 (65) | 7 (35) | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Fars | 3 (13) | 13 (56.5) | 7 (30.4) | 0.135 | 16 (69.6) | 7 (30.4) | 0.210 | |||
| Turkic | 4 (50) | 3 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | 7 (87.5) | 1 (12.5) | |||||
| Afghan | 2 (10.5) | 8 (42.1) | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | |||||
| History of snakebite | ||||||||||
| Yes | ‐ | ‐ | 3 | 0.07 | ‐ | 3 | 0.035 | |||
| No | 9 (19.1) | 24 (51.1) | 14 (29.8) | 33 (70.2) | 14 (29.8) | |||||
| Signs | ||||||||||
| Edema | 9 (19.1) | 22 (46.8) | 16 (34) | >0.99 | 31 (66) | 16 (34) | >0.99 | |||
| Blister | 6 (17.1) | 16 (45.7) | 13 (37.1) | 0.779 | 22 (62.9) | 13 (37.1) | 0.533 | |||
| Ecchymosis | 8 (18.6) | 20 (46.5) | 15 (34.9) | >0.99 | 28 (65.1) | 15 (34.9) | >0.99 | |||
| Adverse events | ||||||||||
| Respiratory distress | ‐ | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 0.298 | 1 (25) | 3 (75) | 0.108 | |||
| Cardiovascular | 1 | ‐ | 1 | 0.265 | 1 | 1 | ‐ | |||
| Gastrointestinal | ‐ | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | 0.031 | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | 0.013 | |||
| Neurologic | 1 | 1 | ‐ | 0.442 | 2 | ‐ | 0.542 | |||
| ICU admission | ||||||||||
| Yes | ‐ | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | 0.007 | 3 (27.3%) | 8 (72.7%) | 0.004 | |||
| No | 9 (23.1) | 21 (53.8) | 9 (23.1) | 30 (76.9%) | 9 (23.1%) | |||||
| Response to treatment | ||||||||||
| Poor | ‐ | ‐ | 17 | <0.0001 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | |||
| Adequate | 9 (27.3) | 24 (72.7) | ‐ | |||||||
| Laboratory findings | ||||||||||
| Thrombocytopenia | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0.019 | 2 | 6 | 0.013 | |||
| Cr | ‐ | 2 | 3 | 0.564 | 2 | 3 | 0.321 | |||
| K | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0.208 | 3 | 3 | 0.396 | |||
| Na | 1 | ‐ | 2 | 0.177 | 1 | 2 | 0.264 | |||
| Ca | ‐ | 1 | 3 | 0.298 | 1 | 3 | 0.108 | |||
| Coagulopathy | 1 | 7 | 8 | 0.172 | 8 | 8 | 0.121 | |||
Note: Data are presented as n (%) for each category. P‐values are calculated using Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.