Table 5. Comparison of the two methods of ICG injection.

Intravenous injection via peripheral veins

Indications:

Gallbladder stone impaction

Gallbladder filled with stones

Gallbladder polyps

Gallbladder atrophy

Gallbladder polyps with potential malignancy

Gallbladder adenomyomatosis

Preoperative intravenous injection of ICG may not achieve optimal contrast enhancement in patients with:

Liver cirrhosis

Fatty liver

Percutaneous injection via gallbladder

Indications:

Patients with liver cirrhosis

Patients with fatty liver

Gallbladder polyps without potential malignancy

Single and freely movable gallbladder stone

Gallbladder adenomyomatosis

No risk of substances in the gallbladder dropping into the common bile duct after injection (e.g., gallbladder sandy stone)

This injection method is not suitable if the patient has:

Variant accessory hepatic ducts or aberrant hepatic ducts, as this method may not be suitable for fluorescence imaging

Gallbladder stone impaction

Gallbladder filled with stones

Gallbladder polyps with potential malignancy

Gallbladder atrophy

ICG, indocyanine green.