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. 2024 Jul 1;2024:217.

Table 5.

Mean Difference Between Outdoor UFP Number Concentrations Predicted from New Combined LUR-CNN Models and Previous Models for Toronto and Montreala

City Mean Difference
(95% CI)
Slope of Linear Model Intercept of Linear Model R 2
Toronto −17,054
(−17,171, −16,938)
0.70 21,124 0.19
Montreal −14,783
(−14,882, −14,683)
0.97 15,158 0.18

CI = confidence interval; CNN = convolutional neural network; LUR = land use regression; UFP = ultrafine particles.

a Mean difference calculated as new model minus previous model. Previous models are described in references 12 and 13.