Table 10.
Hazard Ratios for BC (per 500 ng/m3) and Mortality with and without Controlling for UFP Sizea
| Cause of Mortality | Hazard Ratios for BC (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No Adjustment for UFP Size | Linear Adjustment for UFP Size | Nonlinear Adjustment for UFP Size (main analysis) |
|
| Nonaccidental | 1.018 (1.012, 1.024) | 1.015 (1.008, 1.020) | 1.009 (1.004, 1.015) |
| Cardiovascular | 1.025 (1.015, 1.037) | 1.019 (1.007, 1.030) | 1.015 (1.004, 1.027) |
| Cardiometabolic | 1.025 (1.015, 1.035) | 1.018 (1.007, 1.029) | 1.015 (1.004, 1.025) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.023 (1.008, 1.037) | 1.012 (0.996, 1.026) | 1.009 (0.995, 1.025) |
| Cerebrovascular | 1.041 (1.016, 1.067) | 1.031 (1.005, 1.057) | 1.025 (0.999, 1.052) |
| Respiratory | 0.995 (0.975, 1.015) | 0.985 (0.965, 1.005) | 0.979 (0.959, 0.999) |
| Lung cancer | 0.988 (0.969, 1.007) | 0.991 (0.971, 1.011) | 0.987 (0.967, 1.008) |
BC = black carbon; CI = confidence interval; UFP = ultrafine particles.
aAll models included sociodemographic variables, PM2.5, Ox, and UFP number concentrations.