Table 3.
Structure Engineering | Catalysts | Overpotential [mV] at 10 mA cm−2 | Stability | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Core–shell | RuNi2@G‐250 | 227 | 24 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Cui et al.[ 144 ] |
Si–RuOx@C | 220 | 100 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Liu et al.[ 34 ] | |
Co3O4@C/CP | 370 | 86.8 h@ 100 mA cm−2 | Yang et al.[ 148 ] | |
40‐Co3O4@C/GPO | 360±4 | >40 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Yu et al.[ 149 ] | |
FTO@Co3O4 NPs | 511 | 21.5 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Yeh et al.[ 150 ] | |
Ru–RuO2/GDY | 163 | 75 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Chen et al.[ 142a ] | |
Ir–Co3O4@Co3O4 | 257 | 8 h@ 15 mA cm−2 | Tran et al.[ 146a ] | |
Ru@RuO2 | 191 | 20 h@ 5 mA cm−2 | Wen et al.[ 165 ] | |
Ru@Ir–O | 238 | 40 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Zhang et al.[ 142d ] | |
Porous | UfD‐RuO2/CC | 179 | 20 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Ge et al.[ 22b ] |
E‐Zn–RuO2 | 190 | 60 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Zhou et al.[ 115 ] | |
CoCl2@Th–BPYDC | 388 | 25 h@ 1.681 V vs. RHE | Gao et al.[ 155 ] | |
Ir p‐NHs | 243 | / | Bao et al.[ 142b ] | |
LMCF | 353±30 | 353 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Chong et al.[ 17a ] | |
SrIr2O6 | 303 | 300 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Wang et al.[ 166 ] | |
Ir3Ni NCs | 282 | 12 h@ 3 mA cm−2 | Ding et al.[ 167 ] | |
Se‐RuO2 aerogel | 166 | 48 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Han et al.[ 168 ] | |
CdRu2IrOx | 189 | 1500 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Liu et al.[ 169 ] | |
Ru‐UiO‐67‐bpydc | 200 | 115 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Yao et al.[ 170 ] | |
Low‐dimensional | RuO2–NS/CF | 212 | 50 h@ 100 mA cm−2 | Huang et al.[ 157 ] |
IrOx/GDY | 236 | 30 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Wang et al.[ 159 ] | |
Ir‐IrOx/C nanosheets | 198 | 8 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Zu et al.[ 76 ] | |
Ir‐Cu/C NSs | 237 | 24 h@ 5 mA cm−2 | Mahmood et al.[ 171 ] | |
nC–Bi2Te3 | 160 | 22 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Arbab et al.[ 172 ] | |
UF‐Ir/IrOx | 299 | 200 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Chen et al.[ 173 ] | |
RuCoOx | 200 | 100 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Zhu et al.[ 174 ] | |
Self‐supported | Ru/TiOx | 174 | 900 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Zhou et al.[ 11 ] |
CoOx/RuOx‐CC | 180 | 60 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Deng et al.[ 161 ] | |
Ir/Ta2O5 | 218 | 200 h@ 100 mA cm−2 | Qiao et al.[ 162 ] | |
W–Ir–B alloy | ∼497(@ 2 A cm−2) | 120 h@ 100 mA cm−2 | Li et al.[ 152 ] | |
py‐RuO2: Zn | 173 | 1000 h@ 10 mA cm−2 | Zhang et al.[ 163b ] |