Table 3. PFO echocardiographic information and procedure details.
| EC, <9 months(N=325) | DC, ≥9 months(N=171) | P value | |
| Defect width (mm) | 6 (4–14) | 12 (6–16) | 0.005 |
| Tunnel length (mm) | 12 (9–15) | 14 (9–18) | 0.259 |
| Interatrial septal aneurysm | 108 (47.6) | 58 (51.3) | 0.645 |
| Access | 0.037 | ||
| Right femoral vein | 268 (83.0) | 156 (91.2) | |
| Left femoral vein | 55 (17.0) | 15 (8.8) | |
| TOE guidance | 203 (83.2) | 107 (87.0) | 0.343 |
| ICE guidance | 54 (16.7) | 19 (11.1) | 0.095 |
| Use of sizing balloon | 3 (1.1) | 5 (3.2) | 0.122 |
| PFOC device | 0.250 | ||
| Amplatzer | 244 (75.1) | 117 (68.4) | |
| Gore Cardioform | 58 (17.9) | 40 (23.4) | |
| MemoPart | 16 (4.9) | 10 (5.9) | |
| Hyperion | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0) | |
| Occlutech | 1 (0.3) | 2 (1.2) | |
| NobleStitch | 1 (0.3) | 2 (1.2) | |
| CeraFlex | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| Figulla Flex II | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
| PFOC device size (mm) | 25.1 (3.7) | 24.8 (4.5) | 0.378 |
| Sheath diameter (Fr) | 9 (8–11) | 10 (8–11) | 0.114 |
| Procedure success | 323 (99.4) | 169 (98.8) | 0.512 |
| Haemostasia | 0.069 | ||
| Manual compression | 195 (60.2) | 106 (62.0) | |
| Figure of eight suture | 117 (36.1) | 50 (29.2) | |
| Closure device | 12 (3.7) | 15 (8.9) | |
| Periprocedural complications | 0.678 | ||
| Vascular access | 1 (0.43) | 0 (0) | |
| Device embolisation | 2 (0.85) | 1 (0.82) | |
| Death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 2* (0.85) | 0 (0) |
*
One case of air embolism and another case of periprocedural transient ischaemic attack.
DCdelayed closureECearly closureFr, French; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; PFOC, patent foramen ovale closure; TOE, transoesophageal echocardiography