Table 4. Outcomes after PFOC and antithrombotic treatment regimen.

	EC, <9 months(N=301)	DC, ≥9 months(N=162)	P value
Follow-up duration (years)	2.0 (1.3–3.8)	2.2 (1.2–4.9)	0.721
One-year post procedure follow-up
Recurrence of CVE/SE	7 (2.5)	1 (0.6)	0.268
All-cause death	2* (0.75)	0 (0)	0.536
Antithrombotic treatment			0.454
None	14 (5.0)	7 (4.4)
SAPT	222 (79.6)	128 (80.0)
DAPT	17 (6.1)	6 (3.8)
AC	25 (9.0)	16 (10.0)
SAPT+AC	1 (0.4)	3 (1.9)
Residual shunt	15 (5.9)	6 (4.1)	0.691
Longest follow-up available
Recurrence of CVE/SE	11† (3.9)	4‡ (2.6)	0.443
Time from PFOC to recurrence (years)	0.9 (0.1–2.1)	6.1 (2.5–8.8)	0.090
New onset AF	6§ (2.4)	3§ (2.0)	0.418
PE/DVT	3 (1.5)	4 (3.8)	0.183
All-cause death	3 (1.5)	3 (1.9)	0.697
Antithrombotic treatment			0.116
None	21 (7.7)	9 (5.8)
SAPT	214 (78.1)	124 (80.0)
DAPT	17 (6.2)	4 (2.6)
AC	19 (6.9)	18 (11.6)
SAPT+AC	3 (1.1)	0 (0)

^*One case of PE and one case of cardiogenic shock after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

^†Five cases of stroke; five cases of TIA; one case of SE. Two of these patients had a second recurrence (one stroke and one TIA).

^‡Two case of stroke; two cases of TIA.

^§One case from the EC group and the three cases from DC permanently remained in AF after PFOC.

AC, anticoagulation; AF, atrial fibrillation; CVE/SE, cerebrovascular event or systemic embolism; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; DCdelayed closureDVT, deep vein thrombosis; ECearly closure PE, pulmonary embolism; PFOCpatent foramen ovale closureSAPT, single antiplatelet therapy; SE, systemic embolism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TOE, transoesophageal echocardiography