TABLE 2.

Summary of Doses from Different Exposure Pathways Reconstructed for Male Cleanup Workers Who Were Participants of the Ukrainian-American Epidemiological Studies

Study	Target organ, exposure pathway	Number of subjectsa	Dose to target organ (mGy)			Ref.
			Mean	Median	Range
Case-control study of leukemia and related disorders	Bone marrow, external, missionb	1,000	92	17	3.7 × 10−5–3,260	(5)
Case-control study of thyroid cancer	Thyroid, external, mission	607	140	20	0.015–3,630	(7)
	Thyroid, 131I, mission	200	44	12	~0–1,680
	Thyroid, SL,c mission	198	11	1.6	~0–377
	Thyroid, 131I, residence	587	42	7.3	0.001–3,430
	Total thyroid dose	607	199	47	0.15–9,020
Germline mutations in the offspring after parental irradiation (trio study)	Gonads, external, mission	183	389	152	0.063–4,080	(6)
	Gonads, external, residence	183	1.9	0.68	0.007–43
	Gonads, Cs ingestion, residence	182	0.57	0.31	0.001–16
	Total gonadal dose	183	392	154	0.58–4,080
Human factor uncertainties	Thyroid, external, missiond	47	295	164	20–2,080	(8)
Germline genetic variants associated with host susceptibility to COVID-19 (COVNET study)	Lungs, external, mission	211e	249	100	0.024–2,510	—

^aNumber of subjects with given exposure pathway.

^bMission means the dose, received during the mission to the exclusion zone including exposure during residence in Pripyat for personnel of ChNPP. Possible doses received in other residence locations were neglected.

^cSL, short-lived radioiodine (¹³²I, ¹³³I, ¹³⁵I) and radiotellurium (^131mTe, ¹³²Te) isotopes.

^dDoses calculated using historical questionnaire are given in the table.

^eIncluding 91 cleanup workers for whom historical questionnaires from 1986 were used to develop a dose reconstruction model for internal lung exposure due to inhalation of radionuclides during the cleanup mission.