Fig. 6.

AdipoRon attenuated sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive dysfunction in both obese and APN-KO mice. (a) AdipoRon treatment attenuated sevoflurane-induced cognitive changes in both obese and APN-KO mice; (b) Reduced dendritic spine loss in AdipoRon treated groups (n = 12 in total, 3 dendrites were chosen at random from 4 mice in each group); (c) reduced microglial activation (Scale bar = 50 μm, n = 4) in AdipoRon treated groups; (d) AdipoRon treatment enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and inhibit Bax/Bcl2 apoptotic signalling and tau phosphorylation (Ser 199/202) in obese and KO mice (n = 3). All data are presented as the mean and SEM. Western blot data represent the band densities that were normalized with their endogenous protein control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 in comparison to the respective control groups. Values were analysed using the unpaired t-test. HFDS = high fat diet with sevoflurane exposure; KOS = adiponectin knockout with sevoflurane exposure; Veh = vehicle solution; RON = AdipoRon