Fig. 1.

Network plot for primary outcomes [PPD (1 A), CAL (1B)] and secondary outcome [BOP (1 C)]. The nodes have the same size. Treatments with direct comparisons are linked with a line. These star networks emphasize two major comparators—SRP and SRP + placebo (Splac)—relying heavily on indirect evidence. Node color indicates risk of bias (RoB) of the intervention, while edge color signifies average RoB. Edge width corresponds to the number of studies comparing treatments. The PPD network includes 300 potential comparisons with 9% direct evidence, and the CAL network has 325 possible comparisons with 8.92% direct evidence. The BOP network comprises 120 potential comparisons, with 13% direct evidence