Table 1.
Participant Characteristics of the HIV-1 Group After 6 Years of Follow-up (N = 128)
| No. (%) or Median (IQR) | |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 55 (51–58.2) |
| Female sex at birth | 35 (27.3) |
| Smoking | |
| Smoker | 59 (46.1) |
| Years | 36 (29–41) |
| Pack-year | 20 (10–39) |
| Former | 41 (32) |
| Years | 29 (20–39) |
| Pack-year | 20 (12–38) |
| Never | 28 (21.9) |
| Alcohola | |
| Current hazardous alcohol consumption | 7 (5.5) |
| Years | 40 (35–43) |
| Standard drink units | 28 (28–35) |
| Former | 2 (1.6) |
| Nonsignificant alcohol consumption | 119 (93) |
| Persons who inject drugs | |
| Current | 0 (0) |
| Ever | 41 (32) |
| Body mass index, kg/m | 24.7 (22.4–27.9) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Caucasian | 118 (92.2) |
| Other | 10 (7.8) |
| Incomeb | |
| Lower: ≤12 000€/y | 50 (39.1) |
| Higher: >12 000€/y | 78 (60.9) |
| Education | |
| Primary | 52 (40.6) |
| Secondary | 40 (31.3) |
| University | 36 (28.1) |
| Comorbidities | |
| None | 75 (58.6) |
| 1 | 29 (22.7) |
| ≥2 | 24 (18.8) |
| Hypertension | 43 (33.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 (18.8) |
| Treatment with statins | 42 (32.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (4.9) |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (3.1) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 2 (1.6) |
| HCV coinfection | |
| No | 82 (64.1) |
| Resolved | 44 (34.4) |
| Active | 2 (1.6) |
| Positive CMV serology (immunoglobulin G) | 116 (90.6) |
| HIV-1 transmission route | |
| Sexual | 83 (64.8) |
| Parenteral | 41 (32) |
| Unknown | 4 (3.2) |
| Previous AIDS | 72 (56.2) |
| Known time with HIV-1 infection, y | 23.6 (18.5–27.9) |
| Time virologically suppressed, y | 13.2 (12.1–13.7) |
| Nadir CD4 count, cells/µL | 181.5 (80.5–255) |
| ART regimen | |
| Triple therapy | 74 (57.8) |
| NRTI backbone | |
| TDF/FTC | 11 (8.6) |
| TAF/FTC | 35 (27.3) |
| ABC/3TC | 28 (21.9) |
| Other combinations of 2 NRTIs | 0 (0) |
| Boosted PI monotherapy | 10 (7.8) |
| Other NRTI-sparing regimen | 44 (34.4) |
| Treatment with TDF/TAF | |
| Current | 46 (35.9) |
| Time with TDF/TAF, y | 16.1 (14.7–17.2) |
| Ever | 64 (50) |
| Time with TDF/TAF, y | 15.5 (11.5–16.9) |
| Never | 64 (50) |
| Treatment with ABC | |
| Current | 28 (21.9) |
| Time with ABC, y | 9.9 (7.7–11.5) |
| Ever | 76 (59.4) |
| Time with ABC, y | 9.83 (5.1–12.9) |
| Never | 52 (40.6) |
| Treatment with TDF/TAF or ABC | |
| Current or ever | 120 (93.8) |
| Time with TDF/TAF or ABC, y | 14.33 (10–16.8) |
| Never | 8 (6.2) |
| Laboratory values | |
| Plasma HIV-1 load, copies/mL | 0 (0–0) |
| CD4 count, cells/µL | 773 (540–1020) |
| CD8 count, cells/µL | 674 (470–930) |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 91 (82.8–101) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.85 (0.75–0.93) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 1.3 (0–4.3) |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | |
| Total | 181 (152–204.3) |
| HDL | 48.5 (39–58) |
| LDL | 108 (85–131) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 97.5 (75.6–151.3) |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 308 (206–372.8) |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 220 (170–313) |
Abbreviations: 3TC, lamivudine; ABC, abacavir; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CMV, cytomegalovirus; FTC, emtricitabine; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
aHazardous alcohol consumption was defined as consuming >28 or >17 standard drinking units/wk in men and women, respectively.
b12 000€/y is the average net income per person in Spain in 2020.