Table 2.
Recent advances in characterization of adipose tissue macrophages, including lipid-associated and perivascular macrophages, as well as other phenotypes documented across literature (27–29, 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, 157, 218)
| Species | Lineage | Markers | Gene Expression | Functions | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PVM | Mouse | – | CD163+, CD209f+, Lyve1+, Retnla+ | Cbr2, F13a1, C4b | – | (34) |
| Mouse | EMP | CD11b+, CD206HIGH, MhcIIHIGH, Tim4INT, CD163+, CD209, Retnla+ | Ifnb1 | AT establishment and maintenance, endocytosis, vascular immune function | (32) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD11b+, CD206HIGH, MhcIIINT, Tim4HIGH, CD163+, CD209, Retnla+ | Cltc, Clta, Snx5, Snx2, Ap2a2, Eps15, Ap2b1 | AT establishment and maintenance, endocytosis, vascular immune function | (32) | |
| Mouse | EMP | Lyve1+ | Folr2, Gas6, Klf2, Pf4 | – | (35) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, CD163+, Lyve1+ | Mafb4, Klf4, Clec10a, Mmp9 | ECM organization | (28) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, CD163+, Lyve1+ | Mafb4, Klf4, Clec10a, Ptgs2 | COX-2 pathway enrichment | (28) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, Tim4+, CD163+, MhcII+ | – | – | (27) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, Tim4+, CD163+ | – | – | (27) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, Tim4+, MhcII+ | – | – | (27) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, Tim4+ | – | – | (27) | |
| Mouse | EMP | CD206+, CD163+ | Klf4, Stab1, Cbr2 | – | (218) | |
| Human | – | CD206+, LYVE1+ | SELENOP, C1Q, VEGFA, TGFβ, PDGFC | Homeostasis | (29) | |
| Human | – | CD206+ | CD36, MARCO, MERTK, STAB1, CD209, CD163L1, TIMD4 | Antigen presentation, scavenging | (157) | |
| LAM | Mouse | HSC | CD11b+, Ly6c−, CD9+, CD63+ | Lpl, Plin2, Lamp2, Acp5, Ctss, Ccl2, Il1a, Il18, Tnf | Lysosomal function, CLS formation, efferocytosis, proinflammatory cytokine production | (37) |
| Mouse | HSC | Trem2+, CD9+, CD63+, CD68+, CD36+ | Nceh1, C1qa, Spp1, Lipa, Lpl, Ctsb, Ctsl, Fabp4, Fabp5, Lgals1, Lgals3 | CLS formation, efferocytosis | (34) | |
| Mouse | EMP > HSC | Trem2+ | Folr2, Gas6, Apoe, Sepp1, Cd74, H2-Aa, H2-Eb1 | Lysosomal function, chemokine activity, antigen processing and presentation | (35) | |
| Mouse | HSC | CD9+, CD11c+, Trem2+ | Saa3, Il6, Mmp12, Lipa, Cd36 | CLS formation, efferocytosis, lipid metabolism, phagocytosis | (28) | |
| Mouse | HSC | Trem2+, CD9+ | Lpl, Rgs1 | Lipid metabolism | (218) | |
| Mouse | HSC | CD11b+, CD206LOW, MhcIIHIGH, CD64+, CD11c+, CD9+ | Il10, Tgfb1, Il1rn, Tnf, Cxcl1, Cd44 | CLS formation, efferocytosis | (32) | |
| Human | – | CD9+, CD16HIGH, CD206HIGH | – | CLS formation, efferocytosis | (37) | |
| Human | – | TREM2+ | TIMP1, TIMP3, ALDOA, APOC1 | Lipid metabolism, phagocytosis, oxidative phosphorylation | (34) | |
| Human | – | CD9+ | Lpl, LIPA, CD36, FABP4 | Lipid metabolism | (39) | |
| Human | HSC | TREM2+, CD9+, CD206+, CD11c+ | LPL, TNF, IL-18, IL-1β, CXCL8, PDGFβ | Inflammatory cytokine production, CLS formation, lipid metabolism | (29) | |
| Human | – | CD11c+, TREM2+, CD9+ | OLR, Clec7A, LY75, LPL, SPP1 | CLS formation, efferocytosis | (157) | |
| Human | – | CD206+, CD11c+, TREM2+, CD9+ | LPL, OLR1, Clec7A, LY75, SPP1 | CLS formation, efferocytosis | (157) | |
| Other | Mouse | HSC | CD206+, MhcII+ | – | – | (27) |
| Mouse | – | – | Saa3, Slpi | Efferocytosis | (218) | |
| Human | – | CD9−, CD16LOW, CD206LOW | – | – | (37) | |
| Human | – | – | IL-1β, CCL3, CXCL8, CXCL3, CXCL2 | Inflammatory cytokine production | (39) | |
| Human | – | – | FOLR2, KLF4 | – | (39) | |
| Human | HSC | CD11c+ | CCL3L1, CXCL3, TNF, IL-18, IL-1β, CXCL8, PDGFβ | Inflammatory cytokine production | (29) |
AT, adipose tissue; CLS, crown-like structures; COX, cyclooxygenase; ECM, extracellular matrix; EMP, erythro-myeloid progenitor; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; LAM, lipid-associated macrophage; PVM, perivascular macrophage.