Table 2.
Plasma and liver parameters measured in study 2
| Baseline |
2 Mo |
Time Point t0 (3 or 4 Mo on CDAHFD) |
End of Study |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chow | CDAHFD | Chow | CDAHFD | Chow | CDAHFD | Chow | CDAHFD + 11 wk chow reversal | |
| Total protein, g/L | 61.6 ± 1.4 | 59.9 ± 0.7 | 63.6 ± 0.9 | 60.6 ± 0.8 | 65.4 ± 0.4 | 64.6 ± 1.1 | 68.4 ± 0.6 | 68.6 ± 0.8 |
| Albumin, g/L | 39.6 ± 1.2 | 40.5 ± 0.5 | 48.8 ± 0.6 | 45.0 ± 1.0 | 52.0 ± 0.9 | 46.0 ± 1.3* | 52.7 ± 0.8 | 50.0 ± 0.8 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.2*** | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.1* | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.0 ± 0.2 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 62 ± 3 | 62 ± 1 | 67 ± 2 | 54 ± 1** | 76 ± 3 | 60 ± 2** | 75 ± 4 | 82 ± 3 |
| Iron, µmol/L | 9.5 ± 1.0 | 12.0 ± 0.7* | 22.6 ± 0.7 | 19.0 ± 0.6 | 21.3 ± 2.8† | 14.9 ± 1.3† | 21.7 ± 1.2 | 20.2 ± 0.7 |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 0.44 ± 0.12 | 0.76 ± 0.11 | 0.55 ± 0.12 | 0.63 ± 0.19 | 0.87 ± 0.29 | 3.02 ± 1.30*** | 0.53 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.08 |
| Conjugated bilirubin, µmol/L | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.32 ± 0.05 | 0.86 ± 0.16** | 0.41 ± 0.16 | 0.97 ± 0.58* | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 0.34 ± 0.06 |
| ALP, U/L | 25.3 ± 4.7 | 20.0 ± 5.3 | 32.3 ± 7.7 | 233.4 ± 59.7*** | 29.1 ± 11.7† | 382.5 ± 82.7***† | 16.3 ± 6.5 | 15.5 ± 5.4 |
| ALT, U/L | 30.6 ± 4.6 | 39.0 ± 1.8 | 74.6 ± 3.5 | 61.4 ± 4.8 | 75.1 ± 3.1 | 100.6 ± 8.4 | 78.3 ± 3.5 | 60.8 ± 2.9 |
| AST, U/L | 37.7 ± 5.2 | 36.4 ± 4.6 | 28.7 ± 1.8 | 77.6 ± 15.9*** | 30.5 ± 3.0 | 192.0 ± 61.5*** | 36.9 ± 4.4 | 48.2 ± 6.9 |
| GGT, U/L | 227.5 ± 53.1 | 175.6 ± 33.6 | 99.1 ± 9.3 | 130.7 ± 23.8 | 173.3 ± 64.6† | 335.4 ± 44.1† | 185.5 ± 30.4 | 175.9 ± 19.5 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 27.4 ± 12.1 | 42.0 ± 6.21 | 71.2 ± 11.6 | 128.0 ± 18.7 | 71.0 ± 22.7 | 46.0 ± 4.7 | 37.2 ± 8.9 | 84.2 ± 10.6* |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 0.1* | 2.4 ± 0.03† | 2.3 ± 0.03† | 2.1 ± 0.04 | 2.2 ± 0.05 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.04 | 0.64 ± 0.13* | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.83 ± 0.08* | 0.42 ± 0.01 | 0.38 ± 0.03 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 1.0*** | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 12.2 ± 1.1*** | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 |
| Liver | ||||||||
| Glycogen, µmol/g tissue | 203.7 ± 36.7 | 128.6 ± 14.9* | ||||||
| Triglyceride, µmol/g tissue | 7.6 ± 0.9 | 12.0 ± 2.1 | ||||||
| Cholesterol, µmol/g tissue | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 17.3 ± 1.7*** | ||||||
Values are mean plasma concentration ± SE. *, **, and *** indicate P < 0.05, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively, when CDAHFD was compared with chow at each time point. †Geometric mean values calculated on n = 3 chow animals and n = 5 CDAHFD animals.