Table 1.
Recommendations for measurement of skeletal muscle mass in healthy adults and patients with liver disease.
| Consensus Report | Modality for Skeletal Muscle Mass Assessment (Cut-Off) | Population |
|---|---|---|
| EWGSOP2 [23] | DXA or BIA (M: ASM < 7.0 kg/m2, W: ASM < 5.5 kg/m2) Alternatively, CT or MRI (no specified cut-offs) |
Older adults |
| IWGS [21] | DXA (M: ALM/h < 7.23 kg/m2, W: ALM/h < 5.67 kg/m2) | Older adults |
| FNIH [22] | DXA (M: ALM/BMI < 0.789, W: ALM/BMI < 0.512) DXA (M: ALM < 19.75 kg, W: ALM < 15.02 kg) |
Older adults |
| AWGS [8] | DXA (M: ASM < 7.0 kg/m2, W: ASM < 5.4 kg/m2) BIA (M: ASM < 7.0 kg/m2, W: ASM < 5.7 kg/m2) |
Older adults |
| SDOC [24] | Recommends not to use DXA lean mass. No recommendations for other methods. |
Older adults |
| JSH [11] | CT (M: L3-SMI < 42 kg/m2, W: L3-SMI < 38 kg/m2) BIA (M: ASM < 7.0 kg/m2, W: ASM < 5.7 kg/m2) |
Liver disease |
| EASL [12] | CT (M: SMI < 50 kg/m2, W: SMI < 39 kg/m2) DXA (reference to cut-off for healthy populations) BIA (no specified cut-offs) |
Liver disease |
| INASL [13] | CT (M: L3-SMI < 42 kg/m2, W: L3-SMI < 38 kg/m2) BIA (M: ASM < 7.0 kg/m2, W: ASM < 5.7 kg/m2) DXA (M: ASM < 7.0 kg/m2, W: ASM < 5.4 kg/m2) |
Liver disease |
| AASLD [10] | CT (M: L3-SMI < 50 kg/m2, W: L3-SMI < 39 kg/m2) | Liver disease |
| ESPEN [25] | CT L3-SMI (no specified cut-offs) MRI L3-SMI (no specified cut-offs) If no overhydration, consider DXA or BIA (no specified cut-offs). |
Liver disease Refers to EASL guidelines |
IWGS: International Working Group on Sarcopenia, FNIH: the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, EWGSOP2: the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People, AWGS: the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, SDOC: the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium, JSH: the Japanese Society of Hepatology, EASL: the European Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, INASL: the Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver, AASLD: the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, ESPEN: European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. DXA: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, BIA: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, CT: Computed Tomography, MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, L3-SMI: skeletal muscle index at the L3 level, ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle, ALM: appendicular lean mass, h: height, BMI: body mass index, M: men, W: women.