Table 4. Medicines regulatory capacity–Summary of findings.

	1978 to 2002	2003 to 2020
Institution	Pharmacy Board * National Food Control Commission for food safety	• Pharmacy Council • Tanzania Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics Act 2003
Organizational management and Level of autonomy	• Executive Board in the Ministry of Health • Supported by an administrative Secretariat. • Centralized • Headed by a Registrar • Organized in four (4) sections	• Semi-autonomous Agency and Council. • Headed by a Director General supported by six (6) units. • Organized in four (4) directorates. • HQ supported with seven (7) administrative zone offices. • Registrar of the Pharmacy Council reports to the Chief Medical Officer at the Ministry of Health • Director General of Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices (TMDA) reports to the Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Health
Resources	Physical infrastructure • One office building Human • Less than 30 staff. Finance • Government	Physical infrastructure • TFDA/TMDA • Multi-storey Office buildings Dar, Mwanza • Laboratory Buildings Dar and Mwanza Human • More than 200 staff. Finance • Government • Collection of fee and charges • Development partners
Challenges	Lack of autonomy/independence • Limited human resources • Limited technology • Inadequate financial resources • Lack of organizational capacity building	• Expansion in breath of regulatory domains • Advancement in technology • Low domestic production capacity