Figure 2. MDP dose-dependently induces pro-inflammatory gene expression in SIM-A9 cells.

Graphs show treatment with various concentrations (0 to 10000 ng/mL) of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) for 24 hours dose-dependently increases transcription of pro-inflammatory genes Nos2 (A), Il-1β (B), Tnfα (C), Il6 (D) and Mmp9 (E) in microglial cells. qRT-PCR data are normalized to the reference genes Cyc1 and Rltr2aiap and represented as fold increases compared to control cells. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test, *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 compared with control conditions. Data are represented as mean ± SEM from four independent experiments.