Table 2.

Table summarizing the main studies mentioned, including the type of vaccine, number of individuals, purpose, and results.

Study	Type of vaccine	Number of individuals	Purpose	Results
Nishida N, et al. (2018) (7)	HB vaccine designed based on the HBV genotype C	1193	To identify association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and responsiveness to the HB vaccine	Individuals with certain HLA class II alleles (DRB1*01:01, DRB1*08:03, DQB1*05:01, and DPB1*04:02), have shown enhanced humoral immune responses following HB vaccination. Conversely, other HLA alleles, such as HLA-DQB1*04:01, have been associated with reduced vaccine-induced antibody production
Ovsyannikova IG, et al. (2009) ( 10)	Measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine containing the attenuated RA27/3 Wistar strain of rubella virus	738	To identify association between specific class I and II HLA markers and haplotypes with rubella vaccine- induced humoral responses	Relationship between the HLA-B27 supertype and lower rubella antibody levels
Franco LM, et al. (2013) (13)	Influenza vaccine	247	To identify genes whose genotype affects antibody response	Variation at the level of genes involved in membrane trafficking and antigen processing significantly influences the human response to influenza vaccination
Dhiman N, et al. (2007) ( 14)	Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine	339	To identify SNP associations in SLAM and CD46 genes with variations in measles antibody response	Heterozygous rs2724384 polymorphism in CD46 gene is associated with a two-fold decrease in measles vaccine-induced antibody levels
Dhiman N, et al. (2008) ( 15)	Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine	190	To identify associations between SNPs in toll-like receptors and immune responses to measles vaccine	Heterozygous variants for rs3775291 and rs5743305 of the TLR3 gene were associated with low antibody and lymphoproliferative responses to measles vaccination
Ovsyannikova IG, et al. (2014) (17)	Iinactivated influenza vaccine	159	To examine correlations between leptin concentrations, influenza vaccine-induced immune responses and an immunosenescence marker (TREC), and to examine associations between leptin-related gene polymorphisms and vaccine-induced immunity in older individuals.	Several SNPs in the leptin and leptin related genes are associated with variations in influenza-specific HAI and B-cell responses
Chan CY, et al. (2017) (19)	Yellow fever live-attenuated vaccine	68	To study the molecular correlates of reactogenicity or adverse events	Early activation of innate immune genes at day 1, but not at day 3 after vaccination, was directly correlated with adverse events
Querec TD, et al. (2009) (20)	Yellow fever vaccine	15	To identify early gene ‘signatures’ that predicted immune responses using a systems biology approach	Complement protein C1qB and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) showed a strong correlation with YF-17D CD8(+) T cell responses; B cell growth factor TNFRS17 predicted the neutralizing antibody response
Gómez-Carballa A, et al. (2021) (22)	Live attenuated pentavalent human-bovine reassorted vaccine RotaTeq® (RV5)	32	To compare the transcriptome of children affected by community-acquired RV infection, children immunized with RV5 and healthy controls	Transcriptomic profiling has revealed differential expression of genes between RV5 recipients and control subjects, some of which are associated with intussusception and midgut abnormalities
Price JV, et al. (2013) ( 25 )	Influenza vaccine	76	Characterization of influenza vaccine immunogenicity using influenza antigen microarrays	An inverse correlation between several peptide epitopes and age and neutralization titers was demonstrated
Furman D, et al. (2013) ( 26 )	Influenza vaccine	89	To identify markers that predict influenza vaccine responsiveness	Using machine learning, nine variables that predict the antibody response were identified
Davies DH, et al. (2007) ( 24 )	Smallpox vaccine (Dryvax®)	25 individuals vaccinated, 5 archival smallpox sera	To derive a proteome-wide view of the antibody response of humans to Dryvax® and variola using protein microarrays	The pattern of antigens recognized by sera from convalescent and vaccinated individuals exhibited remarkable similarities; a significant component of the antibody response is not involved in virus neutralization, although these antigens should be considered alongside the envelope proteins as potential candidates for diagnostic and vaccine applications.