Table 1.
Characteristics of individuals with and without ECG abnormalities
| Variables | Total sample | Long QT interval (n) | BrS-type pattern | ER pattern | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| + (227) | - (7123) | P | + (23) | − (7327) | P | + (105) | − (7263) | P | ||
| Age, y | 53 ± 12 | 58 ± 14 | 53 ± 12 | < 0.001 | 55 ± 14 | 53 ± 12 | 0.559 | 48.8 ± 12.08 | 53.03 ± 12.25 | 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 3381 (46%) | 102 (44.9) | 3253 (45.7) | 0.827 | 22 (95) | 3358 (45.9) | < 0.001 | 42 (47.7) | 3256 (44.2) | 0.025 |
|
Ethnicity, n(%) Fars Azari Others |
3572 (48.6) 2190 (29.8) 1588 (21.6) |
102 (44.9) 73 (32.2) 52 (22.9) |
34.81 (48.9) 2112 (29.7) 1530 (21.4) |
0.522 |
11 (47.8) 8 (34.8) 4 (17.4) |
3651 (47.9) 2296 (30.1) 1675 (22) |
0.850 |
40 (46) 22 (25.3) 25 (28.7) |
3721 (49.3) 2251 (29.8) 1586 (20.9) |
0.205 |
|
Physical Activity, n (%) Low Intermediate High |
1183 (16.1) 4344 (59.1) 1823 (24.8) |
43 (18.9) 136 (60) 48 (21.1) |
1142 (16) 4218 (59.2) 1763 (24.8) |
0.267 |
5 (22.7) 7 (31.8) 10 (45.5) |
1226 (16.1) 4498 (59) 1898 (24.9) |
0.021 |
13 (14.9) 45 (51.8) 29 (33.3) |
1262 (16.7) 4458 (59) 1838 (24.3) |
0.146 |
| Current cigarette smokers, n (%) | 956 (13) | 33 (14.5) | 919 (13) | 0.495 | 4 (18.2) | 948 (13) | 0.519 | 934 (12.9) | 18 (20.5) | 0.054 |
| Opium, n (%) | 390 (5.3) | 21 (9.3) | 367 (5.2) | 0.007 | 3 (13.6) | 385 (5.3) | 0.409 | 9 (10.2) | 379 (5.2) | 0.051 |
|
Waterpipe, n(%) Never Former Current |
6902 (93.9) 37 (0.5) 411 (5.6) |
218 (96) 1 (0.5) 8 (3.5) |
6628 (93.8) 29 (0.5) 392 (5.7) |
0.376 |
21 (91.4) 1 (4.3) 1 (4.3) |
7168 (94) 38 (0.5) 416 (5.5) |
0.132 |
76 (87.4) 2 (2.3) 9 (10.3) |
7059 (93.3) 37 (0.5) 462 (6.2) |
0.008 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 684 (9.3) | 12 (5.3) | 664 (9.4) | 0.038 | 2 (9.1) | 674 (9.3) | 0.284 | 22 (25.3) | 654 (9.1) | < 0.001 |
|
History of CAD, n (%) |
617 (8.4) | 29 (12.8) | 584 (8.2) | 0.014 | 1 (4.5) | 612 (8.4) | 0.718 | 3 (3.4) | 610 (8.4) | 0.051 |
| Family history of SCD, n (%) | 507 (6.9) | 12 (9.6) | 299 (7.7) | 0.527 | 1 (4.5) | 504 (6.9) | 0.339 | 3 (3.4) | 502 (6.9) | 0.287 |
| Beta Blocker usage, n (%) | 1147 (15.6) | 45 (19.8) | 1104 (15.5) | 0.077 | 3 (13.6) | 1146 (15.6) | 0.233 | 12 (13.5) | 1137 (15.7) | 0.661 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 ± 4 | 37.9 ± 4.84 | 27.93 ± 4.79 | 0.091 | 25.82 ± 4.00 | 27.94 ± 4.79 | 0.038 | 26.39 ± 4.00 | 27.95 ± 4.79 | 0.002 |
| SBP, mmHg | 121 ± 18 | 128.93 ± 22.56 | 121.1 ± 18.47 | < 0.001 | 118.63 ± 16.31 | 121 ± 18 | 0.243 | 118.63 ± 16.31 | 121.37 ± 18.69 | 0.119 |
| DBP, mmHg | 80 ± 10 | 83.53 ± 12.88 | 80.64 ± 10.62 | 0.001 | 79.33 ± 10.80 | 80 ± 10.71 | 0.379 | 79.33 ± 10.80 | 80.75 ± 10.71 | 0.212 |
| MBP, mmHg | 94 ± 12 | 98.64 ± 14.99 | 94.13 ± 12.16 | < 0.001 | 92.43 ± 11.85 | 94 ± 12.29 | 0.958 | 92.43 ± 11.85 | 94.30 ± 12.29 | 0.153 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 43 (36–52) | 43 (35–53) | 43 (36–52) | 0.821 | 36 (31–43) | 43 (36–52) | 0.007 | 41 (33–49) | 43 (36–52) | 0.023 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 111 (90–135) | 112 (92–139) | 111 (90–134) | 0.243 | 89.5 (75–124) | 111 (91–135) | 0.013 | 116 (99–138) | 111 (90–135) | 0.433 |
| Total Cholesterol, mg/dl |
170 (145–197) |
175 (148–202) |
170 (145–197) |
0.162 |
145 (125–178) |
170 (145–197) |
0.004 |
172 (143–198) |
170 (145–197) |
0.927 |
| TG, mg/dl |
125 (88–176) |
122 (87–180) |
125 (88–197) |
0.584 |
112 (80–194) |
125 (88–175) |
0.980 |
125 (88–175) |
112 (80–194) |
0.457 |
| FBS, mg/dl |
97 (90–107) |
99 (92–115) |
97 (90–106) |
0.013 |
94 (89–104) |
97 (90–107) |
0.505 |
94 (89–104) |
97 (90–107) |
0.119 |
| Cr, mg/dl |
0.8 (0.7–0.93) |
0.8 (0.63–0.97) |
0.8 (0.7–0.93) |
0.638 |
0.8 (0.7–0.96) |
0.8 (0.7–0.9) |
0.162 |
0.88 (0.78–0.97) |
0.8 (0.7–0.93) |
0.002 |
BMI, body mass index; BrS, Brugada syndrome; CAD, coronary artery disease; Cr, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ER, early repolarization; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MBP, mean blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCD, sudden cardiac death; TG, triglyceride