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. 2024 Oct 16;14(1):180. doi: 10.1038/s41408-024-01167-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Top panel: Representative colitis-related images from different patients. Panel A: diffuse bowel wall pneumatosis and pneumoperitoneum on computed tomography imaging consistent with toxic megacolon, which subsequently required subtotal colectomy. Panel B: ulcerations noted on endoscopic evaluation of the transverse colon. Panel C: 10× magnification of colonic mucosa showing focal crypt dropout and increased apoptotic activity; minimal expansion by scattered eosinophils and focal intraepithelial lymphocytes are also seen. Bottom panel: Representative enteritis-related images from one patient. Marked infiltration of the lamina propria by T lymphocytes at low power (2×, panel D) and high power (10×, panel E). Immunohistochemical stain for CD3 (20×, panel F) demonstrates that the majority of the lamina propria cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes are T cells.