TABLE 2.
Distribution of participant characteristics according to racial and ethnic background.
| Overall sample | Hispanic/Latino a | Filipino | Korean | Other b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | 510 | 187 | 149 | 147 | 27 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 58.6 (16.1) | 52.8 (18.4) | 57.8 (13.4) | 67.4 (10.1) | 45.9 (20.2) |
| ≥ 55 years, n (%) | 278 (54.5%) | 63 (33.7%) | 88 (59.1%) | 120 (81.6%) | 7 (25.9%) |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 74 (14.5%) | 56 (30.0%) | 3 (2.0%) | 13 (8.8%) | 2 (7.4%) |
| Sex at birth, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 113 (22.2%) | 24 (12.8%) | 42 (28.2%) | 36 (24.5%) | 11 (40.7%) |
| Female | 393 (77.1%) | 161 (86.1%) | 106 (71.1%) | 110 (74.8%) | 16 (59.3%) |
| Intersex | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 3 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 |
| Gender identity, n (%) | |||||
| Man | 107 (21.0%) | 20 (10.7%) | 41 (27.5%) | 35 (23.8%) | 11 (40.7%) |
| Woman | 380 (74.5%) | 157 (84.0%) | 105 (70.5%) | 102 (69.4%) | 16 (59.3%) |
| Transgender man | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Transgender woman | 5 (1.0%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (< 1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 |
| Gender queer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gender non‐binary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Another gender | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 18 (3.5%) | 7 (3.7%) | 2 (1.3%) | 9 (6.1%) | 0 |
| Primary language spoken, n (%) | |||||
| English | 147 (28.8%) | 40 (21.4%) | 68 (45.6%) | 15 (10.2%) | 24 (88.9%) |
| Spanish | 142 (27.8%) | 142 (75.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Korean | 132 (25.9%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 | 131 (89.1%) | 0 |
| Tagalog | 73 (14.3%) | 0 | 73 (49.0%) | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 11 (2.2%) | 0 | 7 (4.7%) | 1 (< 1%) | 3 (11.1%) |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 5 (1.0%) | 4 (2.1%) | 1 (< 1%) | 0 | 0 |
| Hispanic/Latino heritage, n (%) | |||||
| Mexican | — | 154 (82.4%) | — | — | — |
| Central American | — | 13 (7.0%) | — | — | — |
| Cuban | — | 2 (1.1%) | — | — | — |
| Dominican | — | 1 (< 1%) | — | — | — |
| Puerto Rican | — | 3 (1.6%) | — | — | — |
| South American | — | 3 (1.6%) | — | — | — |
| More than one heritage | — | 3 (1.6%) | — | — | — |
| Other | — | 5 (2.7%) | — | — | — |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | — | 3 (1.6%) | |||
| Born outside of United States, n (%) | 409 (80.2%) | 134 (71.7%) | 129 (86.6%) | 137 (93.2%) | 9 (33.3%) |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 23 (4.5%) | 11 (5.9%) | 5 (3.4%) | 7 (4.8%) | 0 |
| Years in the United States, mean (SD) | 33.3 (14.4) | 32.5 (13.9) | 32.2 (15.3) | 38.6 (11.7) | 11.0 (11.1) |
| Age at migration, mean (SD) | 26.9 (12.2) | 24.2 (13.4) | 27.1 (11.2) | 30.3 (12.5) | 25.7 (2.1) |
| Missing, n (%) | 180 (44.0%) | 45 (11.0%) | 38 (9.3%) | 91 (22.3%) | 6 (1.5%) |
| Educational attainment, n (%) | |||||
| Less than high school | 75 (14.7%) | 70 (37.4%) | 2 (1.3%) | 3 (2.0%) | 0 |
| High school | 19 (3.7%) | 17 (9.1%) | 0 | 2 (1.4%) | 0 |
| Some college | 81 (15.9%) | 29 (15.5%) | 23 (15.4%) | 22 (15.0%) | 7 (25.9%) |
| College/University | 179 (35.1%) | 21 (11.2%) | 67 (45.0%) | 78 (53.1%) | 13 (48.2%) |
| Postgraduate | 97 (19.0%) | 10 (5.4%) | 51 (34.2%) | 31 (21.1%) | 5 (18.5%) |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 59 (11.6%) | 40 (21.4%) | 6 (4.0%) | 11 (7.5%) | 2 (7.4%) |
| Employment status, n (%) | |||||
| Full‐time | 149 (29.2%) | 40 (21.4%) | 77 (51.7%) | 21 (14.3%) | 11 (40.7%) |
| Part‐time | 78 (15.3%) | 36 (19.3%) | 18 (12.1%) | 15 (10.2%) | 9 (33.3%) |
| Retired | 230 (45.1%) | 65 (34.8%) | 52 (34.9%) | 107 (72.8%) | 6 (22.2%) |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 53 (10.4%) | 46 (24.6%) | 2 (1.3%) | 4 (2.7%) | 1 (3.7%) |
a
Four percent of individuals with Hispanic/Latino heritage additionally self‐identified as Filipino (n = 6), Korean (n = 1), and Native Hawaiian (n = 1).
b
The “Other” category encompasses adults who self‐identified under various race and ethnic groups: non‐Hispanic White (n = 10), non‐Hispanic Black (n = 1), Vietnamese (n = 4), Japanese (n = 2), Chinese (n = 2), and Asian not otherwise specified (n = 8).