Table 1. Descriptive analysis and association of risk factors with endo-perio lesions (EPLs) using chi-square test.
*Chi-square test **p<0.05: significant †Fisher’s exact test
Very weak correlation: 0.0<∣r∣<0.20; weak: 0.2≤∣r∣<0.4; moderate: 0.4≤∣r∣<0.6; strong: 0.6≤∣r∣<0.8; very strong: 0.8≤∣r∣≤1.
Data presented in the form of n%
| Variables | Category | Distribution of EPLs | P-Value | Pearson Contingency Coefficient (r) | |||
| Type 1 n% | Type 2 n% | Type 3 n% | Type 4 n% | ||||
| 880 (40.55) | 370 (17.05) | 650 (29.95) | 270 (12.44) | ||||
| Age group† (years) | 20-25 | 180 (8.29) | 60 (2.76) | 120 (5.53) | 0 (0) | 0.011** | 0.38 |
| 26-30 | 130 (5.99) | 120 (5.53) | 190 (8.76) | 20 (0.92) | |||
| 31-35 | 170 (7.83) | 40 (1.84) | 60 (2.76) | 100 (4.61) | |||
| 36-40 | 140 (6.45) | 40 (1.84) | 100 (4.61) | 70 (3.23) | |||
| 41-45 | 260 (11.98) | 110 (5.07) | 180 (8.29) | 80 (3.69) | |||
| Gender* | Male | 460 (21.2) | 190 (8.76) | 350 (16.13) | 130 (5.99) | 0.986 | 0.05 |
| Female | 420 (19.35) | 180 (8.29) | 300 (13.82) | 140 (6.45) | |||
| Smoking* | No | 630 (29.03) | 310 (14.29) | 320 (14.75) | 160 (7.37) | 0.002** | 0.36 |
| Yes | 250 (11.52) | 60 (2.76) | 330 (15.21) | 90 (4.15) | |||
| Chewing tobacco* | No | 500 (23.04) | 200 (9.22) | 300 (13.82) | 130 (5.99) | 0.587 | 0.13 |
| Yes | 380 (17.51) | 170 (7.83) | 350 (16.13) | 140 (6.45) | |||
| Jaw* | Maxilla | 380 (17.51) | 120 (5.53) | 240 (11.06) | 70 (3.23) | 0.366 | 0.17 |
| Mandible | 500 (23.04) | 250 (11.52) | 410 (18.89) | 200 (9.22) | |||
| Tooth involved† | Incisor | 200 (9.22) | 40 (1.84) | 150 (6.91) | 60 (2.76) | 0.019** | 0.33 |
| Canine | 60 (2.76) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 00 (0) | |||
| Premolar | 200 (9.22) | 140 (6.45) | 130 (5.99) | 20 (0.92) | |||
| Molar | 420 (19.35) | 190 (8.76) | 370 (17.05) | 190 (8.76) | |||
| Occlusal trauma* | Yes | 40 (1.84) | 40 (1.84) | 280 (12.9) | 180 (8.29) | 0.001** | 0.72 |
| No | 840 (38.71) | 330 (15.21) | 370 (17.05) | 90 (4.15) | |||
| Faulty restoration and root canal treatment* | Yes | 160 (7.37) | 220 (10.14) | 120 (5.53) | 20 (0.92) | 0.001** | 0.56 |
| No | 680 (31.34) | 150 (6.91) | 530 (24.42) | 250 (11.52) | |||
| Pulp vitality† | No | 380 (17.51) | 370 (17.05) | 0 (0) | 170 (7.83) | 0.001** | 0.81 |
| Yes | 500 (23.04) | 0(0) | 650 (29.95) | 100 (4.61) | |||
| Caries† | No caries | 00 (0) | 0(0) | 480 (22.12) | 270 (12.44) | 0.001** | 0.85 |
| Enamel caries | 140 (6.45) | 0(0) | 170 (7.83) | 0 (0) | |||
| Dentinal caries | 360 (16.59) | 0(0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Pulp involvement | 380 (17.51) | 370 (17.05) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Periapical lesion† | No lesion | 500 (23.04) | 0(0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.001** | 0.82 |
| Acute periodontitis | 20 (0.92) | 140 (6.45) | 130 (5.99) | 20 (0.92) | |||
| Chronic periodontitis | 0 (0) | 160 (7.37) | 320 (14.75) | 140 (6.45) | |||
| Periapical abscess | 170 (7.83) | 20 (0.92) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Periapical granuloma | 190 (8.76) | 0(0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Periodontal abscess | 0(0) | 50 (2.3) | 200 (9.22) | 110 (5.07) | |||
| Bone loss† | No bone loss | 880 (40.55) | 130 (5.99) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.001** | 0.87 |
| Vertical bone loss | 0 (0) | 220 (10.14) | 270 (12.44) | 200 (9.22) | |||
| Horizontal bone loss | 0 (0) | 20 (0.92) | 380 (17.51) | 70 (3.23) | |||