Table 3.

Prevalence and incidence of HEV RNA among blood donors (sample size more than 1000).

Continent	Country	Author, Year of publication	Sample size (N)	Reactive (n)	Incidence rate (or ratio)	genotype	HEV RNA screening kit used	Ref.
Africa	South Africa	Maponga et al., 2020	10000	1	1:10000	3	Procleix HEV assay	[70]
Asia	Japan	Minagi et al., 2016	620140	36	1:15075	3	Inhouse preparation	[71]
	China	Wang et al., 2017	9069	6	1:1511	NA	Inhouse preparation	[42]
	India	Katiyar et al., 2018	1799	0	0	NA	Inhouse preparation	[67]
	China	Wen et al., 2018	11747	24	1:489	4	Inhouse preparation	[43]
	China	Tsoi et al., 2019	10000	2	1:5000	4	Procleix HEV assay	[46]
	Thailand	Intharasongkroh et al., 2019	30115	26	1:1158	3	Inhouse preparation	[72]
	China	P. Fu et al., 2021	1864	0	0	NA	Inhouse preparation	[48]
	India	Mishra K et al., 2021	13050	7	1:1864	NA	RealStar HEV RT-PCR Kit 1.0	[2]
	Japan	Sakata et al., 2021	4018435	886	1:4535	3	Inhouse and Procleix HEV assay	[73]
Europe	Germany	Vollmer et al., 2012	16125	13	1:1240	3a, 3c & 3e	RealStar HEV RT-PCR kit	[74]
	Germany	Baylis et al., 2012	18100	4	1:4525	3	Inhouse preparation	[75]
	Sweden	Baylis et al., 2012	95835	12	1:7986	3	Inhouse preparation	[75]
	Scotland (UK)	Cleland et al., 2013	43560	3	1:14520	3	Inhouse preparation	[49]
	Netherland	Slot et al., 2013	45414	17	1:2671	3	Inhouse preparation	[50]
	Germany	Corman et al., 2013	93955	14	1:6711	3	Inhouse preparation	[76]
	France	Gallian et al., 2014	53234	24	1:2218	3	RealStar HEV RT-PCR kit	[77]
	England	P Hewitt et al., 2014	225000	79	1:2848	3	Inhouse preparation	[78]
	Spain	Sauleda et al., 2015	9998	3	1:3332	3f	Procleix HEV assay	[52]
	Austria	Fischer et al., 2015	58915	7	1:8416	3	RealStar HEV RT- PCR kit version 1.0	[53]
	Ireland	O’Riordan et al., 2016	24985	5	1:4997	3	Procleix HEV assay	[54]
	Denmark	Harritshoj et al., 2016	25637	11	1:2330	3	Procleix HEV assay	[79]
	Netherland	Hogema et al., 2016	59474	41	1:1450	3	Inhouse preparation	[80]
	Italy	Spada et al., 2018	10011	0	0	NA	RealStar HEV RT-PCR kit 1.0	[58]
	Poland	Grabarczyk et al., 2018	12664	10	1:1266	3i and 3c	Procleix HEV assay	[57]
	Germany	Westholter et al., 2018	18737	23	1:814	3	Cobas HEV Assay	[81]
	Scotland (UK)	Thom et al., 2018	94302	38	1:2481	3	Cobas HEV Assay	[55]
	Germany	Dreier et al., 2018	235534	182	1:1294	3	RealStar HEV RT-PCR kit	[69]
	Spain	Rivero et al., 2019	11313	4	1:2828	3	Inhouse preparation	[82]
	Belgium	Vercouter et al., 2019	38137	7	1:5448	NA	Cobas HEV Assay	[83]
	United Kingdom	Harvala et al., 2019	1838747	480	1:3830	3	Cobas HEV Assay	[12]
	Italy	Spreafico et al., 2020	9726	1	1:9726	NA	Procleix HEV assay	[84]
	UK	Smith et al., 2021	848612	411	1:2064	3	NA	[85]
	Italy	Spada et al., 2022	7172	0	0	NA	Procleix HEV assay	[61]
	Portugal	Healy et al., 2022	20393	4	1:5098	NA	Inhouse preparation	[86]
	Germany	Healy et al., 2022	167122	167	1:1000	NA	Inhouse preparation
	Spain	Bes et al., 2022	655523	151	1:4341	3	Procleix HEV assay	[87]
North America	USA	Baylis et al., 2012	51075	0	0	NA	Inhouse preparation	[75]
	USA	Stramer et al., 2016	18829	2	1:9414	NA	Procleix HEV assay	[63]
	USA	Roth et al., 2017	128021	4	1:32005	3a	Cobas HEV Assay	[88]
	Canada	Delage et al., 2019	50765	11	1:4615	3	Cobas HEV assay	[89]
	USA	Delage et al., 2019	50724	3	1:16908	3a, 3b	Cobas HEV assay
Oceania	Australia	Shrestha et al., 2016	14799	1	1:14799	3	Procleix HEV assay	[90]
	Australia	Hoad et al., 2017	74131	1	1:74131	NA	Procleix HEV assay	[91]
	New Zealand	Hewitt J et al., 2018	5000	0	0	NA	RealStar HEV RT- PCR kit version 1.0	[65]

*HEV sub-genotype − 3a, 3b, 3e, 3f, 3c, 3uc, 4b, 4c, 4 g. USA; United States of America, UK; United Kingdom, NA; Not available