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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr Surg. 2024 Jul 5;59(11):161614. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.022

Table 3.

Hazard ratio (HR) of penile problems in circumcised vs. uncircumcised boys during the study period controlling for region (relative to Northeast) and rurality (relative to rural).

Variables HR Low95 High95 p-value
Region (Midwest) 0.78 0.75 0.82 p<0.001
Region (South) 0.91 0.87 0.95 p<0.001
Region (West) 1.1 1.04 1.15 p<0.001
Region (Other) 1.14 1.01 1.3 p=0.038
Rurality (urban) 1.23 1.2 1.3 p<0.001
Study group (circumcised) 2.9 2.8 3 p<0.001