Table 1.
Overview of studies included in systematic review
| Study | General characteristics | Child characteristics | Parent characteristics | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Journal | Location | Design | N (n after exclusion) | % Girls | Range in years (mean age) | Child anxiety disposition/BI | N (n after exclusion) | % Mothers | Mean age (years) | SES | Ethnicity % CAU | Anxiety | |||
| Aktar et al. (2014) | Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 117 (subsample of Aktar et al., 2013) | 55 | (2.5) | Assessed with LAB-TAB | 234 (232) | 50.43 | 34 | Moderate to high | 92.31 (Parent) | Assessed with ADIS: 55.56% | ||
| Aktar et al. (2018) | Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 111 (106) (subsample of Aktar et al., 2013) | 52 | (4.5) data of 2.5-year-olds’ not included | Assessed with LAB-TAB | 222 (212) 212 | 50 | 37.58 | Moderate to high | 93.23 (Parent) | Assessed with ADIS: 7.66% (current), 9.01% (lifetime) | ||
| Aktar et al. (2022) | Developmental Psychobiology | Europe, The Netherlands | Experimental | 68 | 50 | 4.03–6.65 (5.27) | Assessed with BIQ, CBQ and SCARED | 136 online survey and 68 for lab visit | 50 | 37.5 | Moderate to high |
86.75 (Parent) 91% (Child) |
Assessed with SCARED-A (subscale social anxiety) | ||
| Becker and Ginsburg (2011) | Child Psychiatry and Human Development | North America, USA | Correlational | 75 | 52 | 6–14 (9.03) | NA | 75 | 100 | 39.91 | High | 78.7 (Child) | Assessed with ADIS: 50.67% (current anxiety) | ||
| Bell et al. (2015) | Australian Journal of Psychology | Oceania, Australia | Experimental | 122 | 54 | 7–12 |
Diagnosis assessed with: ADIS-C/P-IV, Severity with: SCAS-C: 44.23 (anxious) 26.67 (non-anxious) |
121 | 100 | NA | NA | NA | Assessed with STAI-T: 55.37% high trait anxiety, Overall M = 35.23 | ||
| Bosmans et al. (2015) | Parenting | Europe, Belgium | Experimental | 60 | 67 | 9–12 (10.47) | Assessed with STAI-C: 32.32 | 60 | 100 | NA | NA | “All mothers were European” | NA | ||
| Burstein and Ginsburg (2010) | Behavior Research and Therapy | North America, USA | Experimental | 25 | 44 | 8–12 (9.24) |
Assessed with SCARED: 10.12 CBCL: 46.32 (internalizing) |
25 (24) | 52 | 41.8 | Moderate to high | 76 (Child) | Assessed with ASR: M = 42.88 (internalizing) | ||
| Muris et al. (2010) | Behavior Research and Therapy | Europe, The Netherlands | Experimental | 88 | 48 | 8–13 (10.28) | Assessed with FSSC-R: 39.49 | 88 | 81.82 | 40.4 | NA | 84.1 (Parent) | Assessed with STAI: M = 34.92 | ||
| Muris et al. (2013) | Behavior Therapy | Europe, The Netherlands/Germany | Experimental | 60 | 50 | 8–12 (10.65) | Assessed with FSSC-R: 40.85 | 60 | 100 | NA | NA | 88.33 (Child) | NA | ||
| Nimphy et al., (2023a) | Journal of Adolescence | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 195 | 58 | 8–18 (14.23) | Assessed with BIS: 2.26 | 193 | 76 | 47.82 | Moderate to high education | 100 “Dutch parent–child dyads” | Assessed with SCARED-A: M = 0.32 | ||
| Radanović et al. (2021) | Frontiers in Psychology | Europe, Serbia | Correlational | 376 | 60 | 7–19 (12.77) | Assessed with FSSC-R: 2.46 | 376 | NA | 42.9 | NA | NA |
Assessed with STICSA: M = 1.70 (cognitive) M = 1.40 (somatic) |
||
|
Reider et al. (2022) Study 1 |
Developmental Psychology | North America, USA | Experimental | 27 | 44.4 | 4.05–6.83 (5.33) | NA | 27 | 81.48 | NA | Moderate to high | 74.1 (Parent) | NA | ||
|
Reider et al. (2022) Study 2 |
Developmental Psychology | North America, USA | Experimental | 54 | 50 | 3.67–7.07 (5.52) | NA | 54 | 81.48 | NA | Moderate to high | 61.1 (Parent) | NA | ||
| Remmerswaal et al. (2010) | Journal of Anxiety Disorders | Europe, The Netherlands | Experimental | 52 | 52 | 9–12 (10.6) | Assessed with FSSC-R: 40.83 | 52 (50) | 100 | 42.9 | NA | 95.74 (Parent and children) | Assessed with STAI: M = 33.60 | ||
| Remmerswaal and Muris (2011) | Journal of Anxiety Disorders | Europe, The Netherlands | Correlational | 223 (220) | 53 | 7–12 (9.97) | Assessed with FSSC-R: 7.63 | 347 (342) | 58.21 | 43.1 | NA | NA | Assessed with FSSC-R (medical fear): M = 6.70 | ||
| Remmerswaal et al. (2013) | Behavior Therapy | Europe, The Netherlands | Experimental | 47 | 66 | 8–12 (10.55) | Assessed with FSSC-R: 31.95 | 47 | 100 | 41.8 | NA | 70.2 Dutch (Parents and Children) | Assessed with STAI-Y2: M = 47.77 | ||
| Setiawan et al. (2018) | European Journal of Dentistry | Southeast Asia, Indonesia | Correlational | 550 | NA | 3–6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| Uy et al. (2022) | Developmental Psychobiology | North America, USA | Correlational | 283 | 44.2 | 5.5–17 (10.17) | NA | 283 | 97.9 | NA | Moderate to high | 66.7 | NA | ||
For journal: name of journal in which the article was published. For location: study location. For child characteristics: N number of children in the sample, BI behavioral inhibition/temperament, CAU Caucasian. For parent characteristics: N number of parents in the sample, SES socio-economic status, CAU Caucasian; Anxiety percentage of parents who have anxiety based on diagnostic tools or questionnaires or mean anxiety symptoms