TABLE 2.
Descriptive statistics of patients presenting for an opioid overdose encounter within the 15 Southern California Kaiser Permanente emergency departments (EDs) before (2018) or after (2019) California naloxone law was implemented.
| Total (N = 695) | 2018 (N = 344) | 2019 (N = 351) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | |||
| 10‒15 | 2 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) |
| 16‒22 | 57 (8.2%) | 19 (5.5%) | 38 (10.8%) |
| 22‒34 | 157 (22.6%) | 76 (22.1%) | 81 (23.1%) |
| 35‒50 | 139 (20%) | 71 (20.6%) | 68 (19.4%) |
| >50 | 340 (48.9%) | 177 (51.5%) | 163 (46.4%) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 349 (50.2%) | 175 (50.9%) | 174 (49.6%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 358 (51.5%) | 166 (48.3%) | 192 (54.7%) |
| Hispanic | 214 (30.8%) | 113 (32.8%) | 101 (28.8%) |
| Black | 96 (13.8%) | 51 (14.8%) | 45 (12.8%) |
| Asian | 11 (1.6%) | 6 (1.7%) | 5 (1.4%) |
| Other | 7 (1%) | 1 (0.3%) | 6 (1.7%) |
| Multiple | 4 (0.6%) | 3 (0.9%) | 1 (0.3%) |
| Pacific Islander | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.3%) |
| Native American/Alaskan | 2 (0.3%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) |
| Disposition | |||
| Admission | 181 (26%) | 104 (30.2%) | 77 (21.9%) |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | |||
| 0 | 251 (36.1%) | 110 (32%) | 141 (40.2%) |
| 1 | 151 (21.7%) | 78 (22.7%) | 73 (20.8%) |
| 2 | 91 (13.1%) | 45 (13.1%) | 46 (13.1%) |
| 3+ | 202 (29.1%) | 111 (32.3%) | 91 (25.9%) |
| Length of stay (among hospitalized patients) | |||
| N | 120 | 76 | 44 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.6 (5.08) | 3.9 (3.44) | 5.7 (6.98) |
| Died within 30 days after ED visit | |||
| Yes | 12 (1.7%) | 7 (2%) | 5 (1.4%) |
| History of substance use disorder in the past 12 months before ED visit | |||
| Yes | 440 (63.3%) | 225 (65.4%) | 215 (61.3%) |
| Opioid and benzo prescriptions in the past 12 months before ED visit | |||
| Yes | 287 (41.3%) | 146 (42.4%) | 141 (40.2%) |
| Daily MME >90 in the past 12 months before ED visit | |||
| Yes | 47 (6.8%) | 31 (9%) | 16 (4.6%) |
Abbreviations: MME, morphine milligram equivalents; SD, standard deviation.