Table 1.
Characteristics of the present sample (N = 610)
| Variable | Mean (SD) or n (%) |
|---|---|
| Age in years | 21.09 (1.74) |
| Sex (female) | 387 (63.40)a |
| Major | |
| Pharmacy | 218 (35.70) |
| Medicine | 210 (34.40) |
| Nursing | 182 (29.80) |
| Internet use (hours per day) | |
| Time spent on using social media | 2.87 (1.85) |
| Time spent on gaming | 1.07 (1.49) |
| Time spent on online learning | 1.59 (2.10) |
| Gaming time ≧2 h per day | 179 (29.30) |
| Scales of problematic internet use | |
| GDT | 6.34 (2.85) |
| GADIS-A(T) | 5.80 (5.90) |
| GADIS-A(CBS) | 2.87 (3.12) |
| GADIS-A(NC) | 2.93 (3.26) |
| BSMAS | 14.20 (4.60) |
| SABAS | 17.40 (5.40) |
| IGDS9-SF | 13.36 (5.39) |
| Scale for psychological distress | |
| DASS-21 | 27.70(20.80) |
GDT Gaming Disorder Test, GADIS-A(T) Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (Total score), GADIS-A(CBS) Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (cognitive behavioral symptoms subscale score), GADIS-A(NC) Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (negative consequences subscale score), BSMAS Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, SABAS Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale, IGDS9-SF Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, DASS-21 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–21
aThree participants did not report their gender information