Table 1.
Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies
| Study (year, country) | Selection (/4) | Comparability (/2) | Outcome (/3)* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characterization of the salivary microbiome in patients with pancreatic cancer, Torres PJ et al.25 (2015, USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Human oral microbiome and prospective risk for pancreatic cancer: a population-based nested case–control study, Fan XZ et al. (2016, USA) | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Gut microbial profile analysis by MiSeq sequencing of pancreatic carcinoma patients in China, Ren ZG et al.26 (2017, China) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Characterization of the duodenal bacterial microbiota in patients with pancreatic head cancer vs. healthy controls, Mei QX et al.27 (2018, China) | 4 | 0 | 3 |
| The microbiomes of pancreatic and duodenum tissue overlap and are highly subject specific but differ between pancreatic cancer and noncancer subjects, Del Castillo et al.10 (2019, USA) | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Faecal microbiome signatures of pancreatic cancer patients, Half E et al.28 (2019, Israel) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Tumour microbiome diversity and composition influence pancreatic cancer outcomes, Riquelme EM et al.20 (2019, USA) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Characterization of oral microbiome and exploration of potential biomarkers in patients with pancreatic cancer, Sun HY et al.29 (2020, China) | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Oral microbial community composition is associated with pancreatic cancer: A case-control study in Iran, Vogtmann E et al.30 (2020, USA/Iran) | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer, Wei AL et al.31 (2020, China) | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| Metataxonomic and metabolic impact of faecal microbiota transplantation from patients with pancreatic cancer into germ-free mice: a pilot study, Genton L et al.32 (2021, Switzerland) | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| Composition, diversity, and potential utility of intervention-naïve pancreatic cancer intratumoural microbiome signature profiling via endoscopic ultrasound, Gleeson FC et al.19 (2022, USA) | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Enterococcus spp. have higher fitness for survival, in a pH-dependent manner, in pancreatic juice among duodenal bacterial flora, Itoyama S et al. (2021, Japan) | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Microbiome markers of pancreatic cancer based on bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles acquired from blood samples: a retrospective propensity score matching analysis, Kim JR et al.33 (2021, South Korea) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) pancreatic tissue samples are a potential resource for microbiota analysis, Masi AC et al.34 (2021, UK) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Dysbiotic gut microbiota in pancreatic cancer patients form correlation networks with the oral microbiota and prognostic factors, Matsukawa H et al.35 (2021, Japan) | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Dysbiosis of the duodenal microbiota as a diagnostic marker for pancreaticobiliary cancer, Sugimoto M et al.36 (2021, Japan) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Biliary tract microbiota similarities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Arteta A et al. (2022, Colombia) | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Integrative analysis of metabolome and gut microbiota in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Guo X et al.37 (2022, China) | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Changes in intestinal bacteria and imbalances of metabolites induced in the intestines of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients in a Japanese population: a preliminary result, Hashimoto S et al. (2022, Japan) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Intratumor microbiome analysis identifies positive association between megasphaera and survival of chinese patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, Huang Y et al.38 (2022, China) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| A faecal microbiota signature with high specificity for pancreatic cancer, Kartal E et al.39 (2022, Germany/ Spain) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Gallbladder microbiota composition is associated with pancreaticobiliary and gallbladder cancer prognosis, Kirishima M et al.40 (2022, Japan) | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Alterations in the Duodenal Fluid Microbiome of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer, Kohi S et al.11 (2022, USA) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Characteristics of bile microbiota in cholelithiasis, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, Li Z et al.41 (2022, China) | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Metagenomic identification of microbial signatures predicting pancreatic cancer from a multinational study, Nagata N et al.42 (2022, Japan) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Bile Microbiome Signatures Associated with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Compared to Benign Disease: A UK Pilot Study, Merali N et al.15 (2023, UK) | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Microbiomic profiles of bile in patients with benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disease, Shyam K et al. (2023, USA) | 3 | 2 | 3 |