TABLE 2.
Effectiveness results for the primary and secondary outcomes (intention-to-treat analyses, objective 1)
| T0 | T1 | T2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Group | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | LMM* |
| The Line Composite | Control | 43 | 5.2 (2.1) | 38 | 4.6 (2.0) | 39 | 5.0 (2.4) | 0.12 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.2 (2.1) | 28 | 5.6 (1.9) | 34 | 5.7 (1.8) | ||
| The Line Communication Strategies | Control | 43 | 5.7 (2.6) | 38 | 4.9 (2.9) | 39 | 5.2 (3.0) | 0.056 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.6 (2.6) | 28 | 6.4 (2.4) | 34 | 6.2 (2.4) | ||
| The Line Emotional Coping | Control | 43 | 5.1 (2.8) | 38 | 4.4 (2.9) | 39 | 4.6 (3.3) | 0.033 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.1 (2.9) | 28 | 6.4 (2.6) | 34 | 5.8 (2.9) | ||
| The Line Social Support | Control | 43 | 5.2 (2.8) | 38 | 4.7 (2.9) | 39 | 4.9 (3.2) | 0.77 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.5 (2.7) | 28 | 5.6 (2.9) | 34 | 5.8 (2.8) | ||
| The Line Hearing Aids | Control | 43 | 5.3 (2.7) | 38 | 5.4 (3.1) | 39 | 6.3 (3.0) | 0.19 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.5 (2.5) | 28 | 5.6 (3.1) | 34 | 5.7 (2.6) | ||
| The Line Assistive Listening Devices | Control | 43 | 4.5 (2.7) | 38 | 3.6 (3.1) | 39 | 4.0 (3.2) | 0.14 |
| Intervention | 42 | 4.2 (2.7) | 28 | 4.3 (2.6) | 34 | 4.8 (2.4) | ||
| The Line Generic | Control | 43 | 6.2 (2.2) | 38 | 6.0 (2.1) | 40 | 6.6 (2.2) | 0.30 |
| Intervention | 42 | 6.7 (2.0) | 28 | 6.5 (1.9) | 34 | 6.6 (1.7) | ||
| Staging Algorithm Generic | Control | 43 | 1.5 (0.7) | 38 | 1.5 (0.7) | 40 | 1.7 (0.9) | 0.66 |
| Intervention | 42 | 1.6 (0.7) | 28 | 1.7 (0.8) | 34 | 1.7 (0.8) | ||
| Staging Algorithm Communication Strategies | Control | 43 | 1.2 (1.1) | 38 | 1.1 (1.2) | 39 | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.52 |
| Intervention | 42 | 1.3 (1.2) | 28 | 1.5 (1.4) | 34 | 1.6 (1.2) | ||
| Staging Algorithm Emotional Coping | Control | 43 | 0.6 (1.0) | 38 | 0.5 (0.9) | 39 | 0.9 (1.2) | 0.40 |
| Intervention | 42 | 1.0 (1.2) | 28 | 1.1 (1.3) | 34 | 1.2 (1.4) | ||
| Staging Algorithm Social Support | Control | 43 | 0.8 (1.0) | 38 | 0.8 (1.1) | 39 | 1.2 (1.3) | 0.96 |
| Intervention | 42 | 1.2 (1.3) | 28 | 1.5 (1.3) | 34 | 1.6 (1.3) | ||
| Staging Algorithm Hearing Aids | Control | 43 | 1.1 (0.6) | 38 | 1.3 (0.8) | 39 | 1.5 (0.9) | 0.18 |
| Intervention | 42 | 1.3 (0.7) | 28 | 1.3 (0.7) | 34 | 1.4 (0.9) | ||
| Staging Algorithm Assistive Listening Devices | Control | 43 | 0.9 (0.8) | 38 | 0.7 (0.8) | 39 | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.13 |
| Intervention | 42 | 0.7 (0.8) | 28 | 0.8 (0.7) | 34 | 0.9 (0.8) | ||
| PHS self-management total | Control | 43 | 6.0 (1.3) | 38 | 6.1 (1.2) | 39 | 6.3 (1.3) | 0.28 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.9 (1.3) | 28 | 6.5 (0.9) | 34 | 6.6 (1.0) | ||
| PHS knowledge | Control | 43 | 5.4 (1.6) | 38 | 5.5 (1.7) | 39 | 5.9 (1.4) | 0.35 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.4 (1.6) | 28 | 6.1 (1.1) | 34 | 6.4 (1.1) | ||
| PHS management of symptoms | Control | 43 | 5.8 (2.0) | 38 | 6.0 (1.9) | 39 | 6.3 (1.8) | 0.77 |
| Intervention | 42 | 5.5 (2.0) | 28 | 6.1 (1.8) | 34 | 6.3 (1.7) | ||
| PHS coping | Control | 43 | 6.7 (1.4) | 38 | 6.9 (1.3) | 39 | 6.6 (1.7) | 0.22 |
| Intervention | 42 | 6.7 (1.4) | 28 | 7.1 (0.8) | 34 | 7.1 (1.0) | ||
| CPHI maladaptive behaviors | Control | 44 | 4.6 (0.4) | 40 | 4.6 (0.4) | 40 | 4.6 (0.4) | 0.57 |
| Intervention | 42 | 4.7 (0.3) | 28 | 4.6 (0.3) | 34 | 4.6 (0.4) | ||
| CPHI verbal strategies | Control | 44 | 2.3 (0.8) | 40 | 2.3 (0.9) | 40 | 2.3 (0.8) | 0.18 |
| Intervention | 42 | 2.2 (0.6) | 28 | 2.3 (0.8) | 34 | 2.5 (0.8) | ||
| CPHI nonverbal strategies | Control | 44 | 2.9 (1.0) | 40 | 3.0 (1.0) | 40 | 3.0 (0.9) | 0.16 |
| Intervention | 42 | 3.0 (0.9) | 28 | 2.9 (0.8) | 34 | 3.2 (0.9) | ||
| CPHI self-acceptance | Control | 44 | 4.4 (0.7) | 40 | 4.4 (0.6) | 40 | 4.5 (0.5) | 0.83 |
| Intervention | 42 | 4.5 (0.6) | 28 | 4.5 (0.5) | 34 | 4.5 (0.6) | ||
| CPHI stress and withdrawal | Control | 44 | 4.0 (0.7) | 39 | 4.1 (0.6) | 40 | 4.0 (0.8) | 0.84 |
| Intervention | 42 | 4.1 (0.6) | 28 | 4.2 (0.6) | 34 | 4.1 (0.6) | ||
| SEHHS | Control | 43 | 82.1 (17.2) | 38 | 83.2 (13.4) | 39 | 85.7 (10.0) | 0.12 |
| Intervention | 42 | 87.5 (13.5) | 28 | 86.8 (12.4) | 34 | 85.3 (15.8) | ||
| AQ benefits of hearing aids | Control | 43 | 3.6 (0.5) | 38 | 3.6 (0.4) | 40 | 3.6 (0.5) | 0.41 |
| Intervention | 42 | 3.7 (0.6) | 28 | 3.6 (0.5) | 34 | 3.6 (0.6) | ||
| AQ hearing loss stigma | Control | 43 | 2.2 (0.9) | 38 | 2.2 (0.8) | 40 | 2.2 (0.7) | 0.82 |
| Intervention | 42 | 2.5 (0.9) | 28 | 2.5 (0.9) | 34 | 2.4 (0.9) | ||
| AQ social pressure and support | Control | 43 | 3.0 (0.9) | 38 | 3.0 (0.9) | 40 | 3.1 (0.9) | 0.15 |
| Intervention | 42 | 3.1 (0.7) | 28 | 3.0 (0.8) | 34 | 3.0 (0.9) | ||
| AQ evaluation of hearing aids by others | Control | 43 | 2.4 (0.7) | 38 | 2.3 (0.5) | 40 | 2.3 (0.6) | 0.45 |
| Intervention | 42 | 2.3 (0.7) | 28 | 2.1 (0.7) | 34 | 2.2 (0.8) | ||
| AIADH total | Control | 44 | 0.7 (0.5) | 40 | 0.6 (0.4) | 41 | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.17 |
| Intervention | 42 | 0.7 (0.4) | 28 | 0.7 (0.4) | 34 | 0.7 (0.4) | ||
| AIADH distinction of sounds | Control | 44 | 0.5 (0.4) | 40 | 0.4 (0.4) | 41 | 0.5 (0.5) | 0.63 |
| Intervention | 42 | 0.4 (0.4) | 28 | 0.5 (0.4) | 34 | 0.5 (0.5) | ||
| AIADH auditory localization | Control | 44 | 0.7 (0.6) | 40 | 0.6 (0.6) | 41 | 0.7 (0.6) | 0.58 |
| Intervention | 42 | 0.7 (0.7) | 28 | 0.7 (0.8) | 34 | 0.7 (0.6) | ||
| AIADH intelligibility in noise | Control | 44 | 1.2 (0.6) | 40 | 1.1 (0.6) | 41 | 1.2 (0.7) | 0.080 |
| Intervention | 42 | 1.3 (0.5) | 28 | 1.2 (0.5) | 34 | 1.2 (0.5) | ||
| AIADH intelligibility in quiet | Control | 44 | 0.8 (0.6) | 40 | 0.8 (0.6) | 41 | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.23 |
| Intervention | 42 | 0.9 (0.4) | 28 | 0.9 (0.5) | 34 | 0.9 (0.5) | ||
| AIADH detection of sounds | Control | 44 | 0.6 (0.5) | 40 | 0.5 (0.4) | 41 | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.057 |
| Intervention | 42 | 0.5 (0.4) | 28 | 0.6 (0.4) | 34 | 0.5 (0.4) |
Significant effects are indicated in bold.
*
p value of the interaction between time and group.
AIADH, Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability and Handicap; AQ, Attitude Questionnaire; CPHI, Communication Profile for the Hearing Impaired; LMM, Linear Mixed Model; PHS, Partners in Health Scale; SEHHS, Self-Efficacy for Hearing Help-Seeking Scale.