Table 1.
Study Participant Demographics, Chagas Disease (CD) Risk Factors, and T. cruzi Test Results
| Total | All Tests (−) | Only Hemagen (+) | Only InBios (+) | Hemagen and nBios (+) | Only qPCR (+) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 294) | (N = 284) | (N = 7) | (N = 1) | (N = 1) | (N = 1) | |
| Age in years, median [range] | 48 [19, 86] | 48 [19, 74] | 46 [36, 65] | 48 | 86 | 47 |
| Sex at birth (male), N (%) | 236 (80.3) | 230 (81.0) | 5 (71.4) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Did not complete high school, N (%) | 155 (52.7) | 149 (52.5) | 4 (57.1) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Birth country, N (%) | ||||||
| Mexico | 192 (65.3) | 188 (66.2) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Honduras | 39 (13.3) | 35 (12.3) | 3 (42.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) |
| El Salvador | 30 (10.2) | 28 (9.9) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Guatemala | 13 (4.4) | 13 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| United States | 10 (3.4) | 10 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Colombia | 4 (1.4) | 4 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Venezuela | 3 (1.0) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Peru | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Nicaragua | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Years living in birth country before emigration, N (%) | ||||||
| >10 | 274 (93.2) | 264 (93.0) | 7 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| 0 to 10 | 10 (3.4) | 10 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Born in US | 10 (3.4) | 10 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Chagas disease risk factors | ||||||
| Lived in a house made of mud, adobe, sticks or thatch, N (%) | 66 (22.4) | 63 (22.2) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| Report seeing a Triatomine insect, N (%) | 66 (22.4) | 64 (22.5) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) |
| History of major surgery, N (%) | 57 (19.4) | 56 (19.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) |
| History of blood transfusion, N (%) | 24 (8.2) | 23 (8.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) |
| History of blood donation, N (%) | 13 (4.4) | 13 (4.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| HIV status data | ||||||
| CD4 count, median [range] | 494 [6, 2590] | 497 [6, 2590] | 367 [33, 1480] | 275 | 543 | 194 |
| HIV viral load, median [range] | <20 [<20, 1760000] | <20 [<20, 1760000] | <20 [<20, 141] | <20 | <20 | 8440 |
| On antiretroviral treatment, N (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 122 (41.5) | 118 (41.5) | 2 (28) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 1 (100) |
| No | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| No data/no report | 171 (68.2) | 165 (58.1) | 5 (71) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 |
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; T. cruzi, Trypanosoma cruzi.