Table 1.
Exploratory Subgroup Analysis
| Subgroup | Number of Studies | Rifampin (Events/Total) |
SOC (Events/Total) |
Risk Ratio (95% CI) | Heterogeneity (I2) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yearb | … | … | … | … | … | .15 |
| Before 2012 | 5 | 4/50 | 12/33 | 0.28 (.10–.81) | 0% | … |
| After 2012 | 8 | 34/194 | 83/402 | 0.66 (.40–1.11) | 28% | … |
| Number of patients | … | … | … | … | … | .9 |
| <50 patients/studies | 8 | 9/76 | 23/87 | 0.58 (.26–1.32) | 24% | … |
| ≥50 patients/studies | 5 | 29/168 | 72/348 | 0.55 (.29–1.02) | 33% | … |
| Overall RIF-FQ usec | ||||||
| High RIF-FQ use | 5 | 5/98 | 40/268 | 0.26 (.10–.68) | 0% | .06 |
| Low RIF-FQ use | 8 | 33/146 | 55/167 | 0.72 (.46–1.13) | 15% | … |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FQ, fluoroquinolone; RIF, rifampin; SOC, standard of care.
a P value for the test of subgroup differences. Statistical significance defined as < .1.
bA difference in the risk of treatment failure between the 2 subgroups could suggest that changes in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques over time may have confounded the clinical outcomes, acknowledging that a significant difference in the number of patients in the rifampin versus standard-of-care subgroups limits interpretability.
cPatient-level data not available. Exploratory subgroup analysis based on “overall” use of FQ—RIF combination in the entire study. A study was considered in the high RIF-FQ subgroup if this combination was used in >50% of the cases.