Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies for DE.

Author	Year	Country	Population	M/F	DE
					Success			Failure
					Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N
Alam et al. (14)	2022	Bangladesh	31	19/12	12.41	2.38	18	9.2	1.87	13
Elshazly et al. (15)	2020	Egypt	62	NR	21.81	7.04	34	9.28	3.9	28
Eltrabili et al. (16)	2019	Egypt	35	16/19	18.37	7.27	17	7.78	4.15	13
Farghaly et al. (17)	2017	Egypt	54	31/23	15.07	5.07	40	10.23	2.63	14
Fossat et al. (19)	2022	France	100	NR	23.8	9.2	91	25.9	10.5	9
Kaur et al. (20)	2022	India	50	NR	37.5	9	31	21.2	6.7	19
Li et al. (21)	2021	China	101	42/59	15.93	5.14	69	8.03	4.57	32
Osman et al. (23)	2017	Egypt	68	NR	24.17	4.23	50	9.29	5.48	18
Palker et al. (24)	2018	USA	73	37/36	22	9	53	16.6	8	20
Sabetian et al. (25)	2024	Iran	50	39/11	12.50	4.78	26	10.22	3.15	24
Theerawit et al. (10)	2018	Thailand	52	38/14	13.5	5.3	51	12.8	9.6	11
Yoo et al. (26)	2018	Korea	60	42/18	15.93	5.20	47	8.03	4.90	13