Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with hospitalization due to disease activity and infections in patients with SLE a .
| Activity hospitalization (n: 344) | Infections hospitalization (n: 85) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Univariable OR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | p value | Univariable OR (95% CI) | p value | Multivariable OR (95% CI) | p value |
| Gender, female | 0.89 (0.60–1.32) | 0.5568 | 0.89 (0.57–1.39) | 0.6111 | 1.14 (0.54–2.41) | 0.7347 | 1.26 (0.59–2.70) | 0.5554 |
| Age at diagnosis | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.0234 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.7790 | ||
| Ethnicity | 0.1630 | 0.9190 | 0.1580 | 0.3398 | ||||
| Caucasian | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Mestizo | 1.26 (0.96–1.65) | 0.1000 | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 0.5590 | 1.47 (0.90–2.38) | 0.1234 | 1.33(0.81–2.19) | 0.2648 |
| ALA | 1.51 (1.02–2.23) | 0.0403 | 1.03 (0.66–1.61) | 0.8965 | 0.84 (0.36–1.95) | 0.6777 | 0.75(0.32–1.77) | 0.5079 |
| Socioeconomic status | <.0001 | 0.0026 | 0.1552 | 0.4332 | ||||
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Medium | 3.16 (1.67–5.97) | 0.0004 | 2.77 (1.40–5.23) | 0.0030 | 1.06 (0.41–2.70) | 0.9102 | 1.01(0.39–2.62) | 0.9807 |
| Low | 4.23 (2.29–7.81) | <0.0001 | 3.13 (1.64–5.98) | 0.0006 | 1.67 (0.71–3.96) | 0.2417 | 1.40(0.58–3.37) | 0.4520 |
| Medical insurance, full coverage | 0.86 (0.67–1.05) | 0.2387 | 0.97 (0.62–1.53) | 0.9114 | ||||
| SLEDAIb, c | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | <0.0001 | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | <0.0001 | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.2036 | ||
| SDIb, c | 1.52 (1.37–1.70) | <0.0001 | 1.35 (1.20–1.52) | <0.0001 | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 0.2469 | ||
| Previous hospitalization due to SLE d | 1.24(0.96–1.60) | 0.0922 | 2.57(1.64–4.02) | <0.0001 | 2.52(1.59–4.02) | <0.0001 | ||
| Arthritis b | 0.83 (0.62–1.11) | 0.2119 | 1.90 (0.99–3.64) | 0.0515 | 2.09(1.08–4.03) | 0.0279 | ||
| Serositis b | 1.62 (1.23–2.14) | 0.0006 | 1.27 (0.78–2.07) | 0.3420 | ||||
| Renal b | 2.31 (1.79–2.96) | <.0001 | 1.38 (0.89–2.15) | 0.1501 | ||||
| Anti–dsDNA b | 1.40 (1.01–1.94) | 0.0412 | 1.38 (0.76–2.52) | 0.2908 | ||||
| Prednisone e | 0.7971 | 0.0769 | ||||||
| None | Ref | Ref. | ||||||
| <7.5 mg/d | 0.76 (0.30–1.90) | 0.5492 | 1.56 (0.36–.86) | 0.5522 | ||||
| 7.5–15 mg/d | 0.86 (0.53–1.38) | 0.5289 | 1.44 (0.62–.32) | 0.3908 | ||||
| 15–60 mg/d | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 0.2945 | 2.07 (1.22–.52) | 0.0068 | ||||
| ≥60 mg/d | 0.89 (0.60–1.31) | 0.5469 | 1.84 (0.97–.49) | 0.0621 | ||||
| Antimalarial use b | 0.52 (0.39–0.70) | <0.0001 | 0.69 (0.50–0.96) | 0.0253 | 1.35 (0.86–2.12) | 0.1934 | ||
| Disease state at baseline | 0.7698 | 0.1930 | ||||||
| Remission | 0.96 (0.60–1.55) | 0.8713 | 0.27 (0.07–1.12) | 0.0720 | ||||
| LDAS | 1.10 (0.83–1.46) | 0.5050 | 0.91 (0.55–1.50) | 0.7016 | ||||
| Active | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
ALA: African Latin American; LDAS: Low disease activity state; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index; SDI: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Disease Index. Bold type was used for the p value that were statistically significant.
aExcluding associated causes (activity plus infection).
bAt baseline.
cIncrease on per 1 unit.
dPrevious at entry to the cohort
ehighest dose; Ref: reference group.