Fig. 6.

Heart failure reduces the elasticity of the gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle elasticity in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction surgeries for 14 weeks was measured via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Representative images of gastrocnemius muscle sections from (A) sham and (B) TAC mice were used for calculating force maps via Young’s modulus. (C) Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 5 samples in each group, *p = 0.03 vs sham.