TABLE 1.

Effects of EE on neurotransmitters in WT and 5XFAD mice under SH or EE conditions.

Neurotransmitter			WT+SH	5XFAD+SH	5XFAD+EE
Frontal cortex
Amine	Acetylcholine	Ach b	747.93 ± 56.35	574.73 ± 36.89*	701.36 ± 50.07
	Serotonin	5‐HT b	307.43 ± 53.13	251.23 ± 43.48	322.04 ± 49.44
	Catecholamines	Norepinephrine b	76.45 ± 27.26	72.60 ± 5.66	66.73 ± 0.61
		Dopamineb	92.00 ± 14.04	113.32 ± 52.56	326.24 ± 135.96
Peptides	Enkephalin	Leu‐enkephalin b	18.43 ± 7.08	22.03 ± 6.62	23.08 ± 6.74
		Met‐enkephalin b	15.50 ± 1.36	13.97 ± 4.47	11.64 ± 2.08
	Dynorphin	Dynorphin A b	5.05 ± 0.62	5.40 ± 2.00	8.75 ± 2.85
	Substance P	Substance P b	8212.33 ± 1445.59	5960.37 ± 402.47	4592.88 ± 132.87
Amino acids	GABA	GABA a	127.94 ± 10.92	130.70 ± 9.71	116.13 ± 6.40
	Glutamate	Glutamate a	1074.95 ± 87.05	1194.89 ± 77.89	1262.67 ± 37.42
Hippocampus
Amine	Acetylcholine	Ach b	1119.47 ± 82.44	818.27 ± 50.66**	998.84 ± 128.68 ##
	Serotonin	5‐HT b	259.73 ± 37.13	136.53 ± 21.39*	327.88 ± 42.76 ##
	Catecholamines	Norepinephrine b	64.15 ± 2.33	65.88 ± 1.75	62.59 ± 2.67
		Dopamineb	13.70 ± 1.81	14.60 ± 4.52	11.68 ± 1.29
Peptides	Enkephalin	Leu‐enkephalin b	6.87 ± 1.46	15.93 ± 4.42	22.00 ± 3.84
		Met‐enkephalin b	16.47 ± 2.21	19.37 ± 3.53	16.48 ± 2.24
	Dynorphin	Dynorphin A b	8.60 ± 3.18	8.44 ± 1.87	5.50 ± 2.70
	Substance P	Substance P b	7911.50 ± 561.08	5307.33 ± 444.26***	5823.28 ± 218.72
Amino acids	GABA	GABA a	135.38 ± 7.92	120.05 ± 4.22	97.63 ± 9.12 #
	Glutamate	Glutamate a	1094.52 ± 45.91	978.82 ± 34.96	1118.96 ± 61.95

Abbreviations: 5‐HT, 5‐Hydroxytryptamine; Ach, acetylcholine; EE, environmental enrichment; GABA, γ‐aminobutyric acid; SH, standard housing; WT, wild type.

^a μg/g tissue.

^b ng/g tissue.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.

^*** p < 0.001 indicates significant differences compared with the SH‐exposed WT mice.

^# p < 0.05.

^## p < 0.01.

^### p < 0.001 indicates significant differences compared with the SH‐exposed 5XFAD mice.