TABLE 1.
Literature review of endoscopic and microscopic iatrogenic ICA injury treated with extracranial-intracranial bypass
| Authors & Year, Case No. | Initial Diagnosis | Age (yrs)/Sex | Cause of Injury | Location of Injury | Angiography Findings | CR Procedure | Graft | Outcome |
| Rangel- Castilla et al., 201429 | ||||||||
| 1 | Pituitary adenoma | 29/F | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF, large pseudoaneurysm | ICA-RAG-M2 | Radial artery | No neurological deficits |
| 2 | Pituitary adenoma | 45/M | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF | ICA-RAG-M2 | Radial artery | No neurological deficits |
| 3 | Rathke cleft cyst | 38/M | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF, large pseudoaneurysm | ICA-RAG-M2 | Radial artery | No neurological deficits |
| 4 | Recurrent skull base chordoma | 65/M | Endoscopic skull base tumor resection | Cavernous ICA | PCF, rapidly progressive dissection | ICA-RAG-M2 | Radial artery | No neurological deficits |
| Tantongtip et al., 201515 | ||||||||
| 5 | Pituitary adenoma | 78/F | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | Minor extravasation | ECA-RAG-ICA | Radial artery | Died 9 days postop |
| Mrak et al., 201831 | ||||||||
| 6 | Pituitary adenoma | 30/F | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Intracranial ICA | PCF | STA-MCA | NA | No neurological deficits |
| Usachev et al., 20214 | ||||||||
| 7 | Pituitary adenoma | 41/M | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF, pseudoaneurysm | ICA-RAG-M2 & ICA occlusion w/ coil embolization | Radial artery | Visual field defect |
| 8 | Pituitary adenoma | 66/F | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF | STA-MCA & ICA occlusion w/ coil embolization | NA | Hemiparesis |
| Hong et al., 20227 | ||||||||
| 9 | Pituitary adenoma | 71/M | Microscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF, pseudoaneurysm | STA-MCA (double barrel) & endovascular trapping | NA | Dysarthria |
| 10 | Pituitary adenoma | 69/F | Microscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF, pseudoaneurysm | STA-MCA (double barrel) & endovascular trapping | NA | No neurological deficits |
| 11 | Pituitary adenoma | 66/M | Microscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | PCF | STA-RAG-MCA | Radial artery | Dysarthria, hemiparesis |
| 12 | Nasopharyngeal cancer | 37/M | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Cavernous ICA | Sufficient collateral flow | STA-MCA & endovascular trapping | NA | Dysarthria, hemiparesis |
| Teramoto et al., 202230 | ||||||||
| 13 | Pituitary adenoma | 65/M | Endoscopic transsphenoidal op | Petrous ICA | CCF | STA-MCA double bypass & ICA occlusion w/ coil embolization | NA | No neurological deficits |
| Present study | ||||||||
| 14 | Nasal polyp | 58/F | Endoscopic sinus op | Cavernous ICA | CCF | CCA-CephV-ICA | Cephalic vein | Visual field defect |
CephV = cephalic vein; CR = cerebral revascularization; ECA = external carotid artery; NA = not applicable; PCF = poor collateral flow; RAG = radial artery graft; STA = superficial temporal artery.