TABLE I.

Tabular representation of the materials and parameters needed for the successful finished product for biomedical applications and the advantages and disadvantages of each textile technique.

Textile technique	Materials	Parameters	Advantages	Disadvantages
Electrospinning	Polymer solution (fiber + solvent), spinneret, syringe, syringe pump, collector	Properties of polymer solution (Mw of polymer, %w/v of solution), distance between the collector and the needle tip, nozzle diameter, environmental condition (ambient temperature and relative humidity), applied voltage	Ability to create multiple fiber assemblies. Most flexible method. Enables adjustment tailored to certain application and great mechanical strength. It has control over porosity, pore size distribution, and scaffold architecture. Large specific area and pore volume	Poor cell infiltration and migration due to the close packing of scaffold fibers, toxicity of the residual solvent, low mechanical strength of scaffolds for load-bearing applications
Electrostatic flocking	Substrate (vascular graft, cardiac patches, stents), adhesives, flock fibers	Fiber density, flock time, Fiber length, applied voltage	Exceptional surface area to volume ratio, efficient cell cultivation, great porosity, strong mechanical characteristic	Stringent electrical conductivity requirement, inability to produce individual flock fibers
Weaving	Warp, weft	Weave used, thread spacing, material used, warp and weft density, yarn fineness, interlacing law, quantity of warps and weft per square inch	Less mechanically demanding than others, higher strength, greater stability than knitted and braided fibers	Manually made, smaller pores and less porous than knitted fabrics, lower flexibility than knitted fabrics
Knitting	Warp, weft	Density of needle (gauge), type and size of yarn, tension applied, knitting technique, stitch pattern	Greater pores, superior softness, elasticity and bursting qualities than weaving and braiding, higher porosity and more favorable to cell growth than woven fabrics.	Not good for cell seedling, challenging to modify in different directions
			Good for creation of load-bearing tissue due to its capacity to stretch
Braiding	Three or more yarn	Fiber material, braiding angle, fiber density, layer count	Load-bearing capacity, strong tensile strength and mechanical flexibility, damage tolerance and resistance in bending, torsion, and traction, improved abrasion resistance	Minimal porosity