Table 3. Correlations between HPV and STI.

	HPV-positive (n = 257)			High-risk HPV-positive (n = 172)
Organism	n	% (95% CI)	p-value	n	% (95% CI)	p-value
STI
C. trachomatis	5	1.9 (0.3–3.6)	0.004	4	2.3 (0.8–6.2)	0.010
T. vaginalis	6	2.3 (0.5–4.2)	1.000	5	2.9 (0.4–5.4)	0.567
N. gonorrhoeae	3	1.2 (0.3–3.7)	0.338	1	0.6 (0.03–3.7)	1.000
M. genitalium	6	2.3 (0.5–4.2)	0.018	2	1.2 (0.2–4.6)	0.692
HSV-2	10	3.9 (1.5–6.3)	<0.001	8	4.7 (1.5–7.8)	0.001
HSV-1	1	0.4 (0.02–12.5)	1.000	1	0.6 (0.03–3.7)	0.527
STI-positive1	28	10.9 (7.1–14.7)	<0.001	18	10.5 (5.9–15.0)	0.011
BV
A. vaginae	85	33.1 (27.3–38.8)	0.028	60	34.9 (27.8–42.0)	0.027
G. vaginalis	114	44.4 (38.3–50.4)	0.023	83	48.3 (40.8–55.7)	0.004
M. hominis	48	18.7 (13.9–23.4)	<0.001	39	22.7 (16.4–28.9)	<0.001
Any lactobacillus	242	94.2 (91.3–97.0)	0.381	160	93.0 (89.2–96.8)	0.161
BV-score ≥ 22,3	45	27.3 (20.5–34.1)	0.323	33	30.6 (21.9–39.2)	0.101
Candida species4	110	42.8 (36.8–48.9)	0.101	77	44.8 (37.3–52.2)	0.063
Other Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
M. spermatophilum	1	0.4 (0.02–12.5)	0.330	1	0.6 (0.03–3.7)	0.221
U. urealyticum	60	23.3 (18.2–28.5)	0.680	40	23.3 (16.9–29.6)	0.191
U. parvum	172	66.9 (61.2–72.7)	<0.001	116	67.4 (60.4–74.4)	<0.001

This table shows the correlations between STIs and HPV and high-risk HPV positivity. All p-values were calculated by Fisher’s exact test and are in reference to HPV-negative women.

¹STI-positives include women positive for M. genitalium, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, T. pallidum or HSV-1/2

²BV-score takes low level of lactobacillus and positivity for G. vaginalis, A. vaginae and M. hominis into account

³BV-scores could only be calculated for samples with quantifiable Lactobacillus

⁴None of the Candida subtypes showed a significant correlation with HPV and are therefore not listed separately