TABLE 2.

The hepatoprotective role of different cannabinoids.

Compound	Dose, duration, and route of administration	Mechanisms of protection	Reference
Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid	20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p. for 2 weeks to C57BL/6 mice	↓α‐SMA, tenascin C, ↓ALT, ↓Col1a2, Col3a1, Acta2, TGFβ, ↓Il1b, and Il6 ↓CD3, F4/80+ cells	[45]
JWH133	3 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 weeks to wild‐type and CB2−/− C57BL/6 mice 5 μM to hepatic stellate cell	↓ IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and iNOS, ↓ p‐P38, NF‐κB/p65 ↓ Collagen I	[47]
JWH133	10 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days to C57BL/6 mice	↓F4/80+ cells, ↓PKA, ↓Ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 4	[48]
JWH133	1 mg/kg, s.c. for 9 days to Wistar rats	↓α‐SMA, Collagen I ↑MMP‐2, ↑caspase‐3 ↓CD68+ cells	[24]
HU910	10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days to C57BL/6J mice	↓CD45+ cells, ↓IL1β, IL6, MIP1α, TNFα ↓E‐selectin, VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, ↓ALT and ALP	[37]
Cannabigerol	2.46, 24.6 mg/kg, i.p. 3 times a week for 2 weeks to C57BL/6 mice	↓α‐SMA, collagen ↓CD45+ cells	[46]
β‐Caryophyllene	5 mg/kg, p.o. for 2 weeks to Wistar rats	↓collagen ↑CB2 expression	[49]
AM1241	3 and 6 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 weeks to Wistar rats	↓NF‐κβ p65, ↑GSH, SOD ↓MDA, ↓TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 ↓Vimentin, ↑E‐cadherin	[50]
AM1241	3 mg/kg, i.p. to C57BL/6J mice	↓PDGF, ↓Col‐III	[51]
AM1241	1 mg/kg, i.p. for 5 weeks to rats	↓PDGF, ↓α‐SMA, collagen, ↑MMP ↓TIMP	[52]
JWH‐015	1 μmol/L to hepatic myofibroblasts and stellate cells	↓forskolin‐stimulated cAMP, ↓PDGF ↑COX‐2	[44]