Table 6.
Effects of oral NAC administration on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD G5
| Study | NAC dose | NAC dosage form, brand | Duration of study (d) | Study design | Number of participants: overall (receiving NAC) | Effects of NAC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trimarchi et al.144 | 600 mg 2×/d | Effervescent tablet, Acemuk, Betapharm | 30 | RCT | 24 (12) | ↓ MDA |
| Hsu et al.145 | 200 mg 3×/d | Capsule, Flutafin, Shiteh Organic Pharmaceutical | 90 | Nested case-control study | 227 (38) | ↓ 8-isoprostane |
| Nascimento et al.34 | 600 mg 2×/d | – | 60 | Placebo-controlled | 30 (15) | ↓ IL-6 unchanged: IL-10, hs-CRP, ADMA, AOPP, sulfhydryl, homocysteine |
| Swarnalatha et al.146 | 600 mg 2×/d | – | 10 | RCT (cross-over design) | 14 (7) | ↓ MDA unchanged: hs-CRP |
| Saddadi et al.147 | 600 mg 2×/d | Tablet, Zambon | 90 | uncontrolled | 24 (24) | ↓ IL-6, hs-CRP, ferritin, calcium |
| Giannikouris148 | 600 mg 2×/d | – | 180 | uncontrolled | 48 (48) | ↓ MDA, CRP ↑ albumin |
ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; AOPP, advanced oxidation protein product; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-6, interleukin-6; MDA, malondialdehyde; NAC, N-acetylcysteine; RCT, randomized controlled trial.