Table 1.

Contraindications to VLEKT of SIE

Pregnancy and breastfeeding kidney failure

48 h prior to elective surgery or invasive procedures and perioperative period Moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease

Liver failure

Rare disorders: carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency, carnitine deficiency, porphyria, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, pyruvate carboxylase deficiency and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation disorders

Respiratory failure unstable angina, hearth failure (NYHA III–IV), recent stroke or myocardial infarction (< 12 months), and cardiac arrhythmias

Eating disorders and other severe mental illnesses, alcohol, and substance abuse

Type 1 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, β-cell failure in T2DM, use of SGLT2 inhibitors

Active/severe infections and frail elderly patients

SIE, Italian Society of Endocrinology; NYHA, New York Heart Association; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; SGLT, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters