Table 2.

Logistic Regression Showing Association Between Ownership with Use and Non-use of Agency RNs, LPNs and CNAs (N = 38, 550).

	Agency RNs Odds ratio	Agency LPNs Odds ratio	Agency CNAs Odds ratio
Ownership group (NFPI: Reference)
NFPC	1.65***	1.53***	1.38***
FPI	1.27***	1.14**	1.07
FPC	1.43***	1.30***	1.15***
Organizational characteristics
Size (beds)	1.003***	1.004***	1.003***
Quality (one-star rating: Reference)
Two-star rating	1.02	0.98	0.97
Three-star rating	0.86**	0.83***	0.87**
Four-star rating	0.79***	0.72***	0.76***
Five-star rating	0.66***	0.57***	0.67***
Operating margin	0.99***	0.99***	0.99***
RN hours per resident day	0.75***
LPN hours per resident day		1.32***
CNA hours per resident day			0.84***
Occupancy rate	1.00	1.00*	1.00**
Percentage of Medicare residents	1.00	1.00*	1.00 ***
Percentage of Medicaid residents	1.002**	1.002**	0.10
Percentage of Black residents	1.01***	1.01***	1.003***
Percentage of Hispanic residents	0.99***	0.99***	0.99***
Percentage of Other residents	1.003**	1.004***	1.001
Market characteristics
RN FTE per thousand population	1.02***
LPN FTE per thousand population		1.01
CNA FTE per thousand population			1.04***
Population 65 years and over	0.10	0.10	1.001
Uninsurance rate	0.97***	0.94***	0.94***
Household income (USD)	1.01***	1.001	1.002*
Medicare Advantage Penetration	1.01***	1.01***	1.01***
Competition (HHI)	0.10**	0.10***	0.10***

Note. NFPI = not-for-profit independent; NFPC = not for profit chain; FPI = for profit independent; FPC = for profit chain; RNs = registered nurses; LPNs = licensed practical nurses; CNAs = certified nursing aides; FTE = full-time equivalent; USD = United States Dollar; HHI = Herfindahl–Hirschman Index.

^*P < .05. ** P < .01. *** P < .001.