Table 3.

Logistic Regression Showing the Association of Ownership With High (Top 10%) versus Non- High (Bottom 90%) Use of Agency RNs, LPNs and CNAs (N = 23 466).

	Agency RNs (Odds ratio)	Agency LPNs (Odds ratio)	Agency CNAs (Odds ratio)
Ownership (NFPI: Reference)
NFPC	1.32**	1.35**	1.40***
FPI	1.22*	1.13	1.41***
FPC	1.25**	1.16	1.44***
Organizational characteristics
Size (Beds)	1.001	1.001	1.00E+00
Quality (One-star rating: Reference)
Two-star rating	0.87	0.96	0.90
Three-star rating	0.74**	0.74**	0.78*
Four-star rating	0.64***	0.57***	0.66***
Five-star rating	0.59***	0.47***	0.55***
Operating margin	0.99***	0.99***	0.99***
RN hours per resident day	0.53***
LPN hours per resident day		0.66***
CNA hours per resident day			0.90*
Occupancy rate	1.00*	1.00	1.00
Percentage of Medicare residents	1.01**	1.01**	1.002
Percentage of Medicaid residents	1.00**	1.01***	1.01
Percentage of Black residents	1.01***	1.01**	1.00***
Percentage of Hispanic residents	1.02***	0.99	0.99*
Percentage of Other residents	1.01***	1.01***	1.001
Market characteristics
RN FTE per thousand population	1.01
LPN FTE per thousand population		0.99
CNA FTE per thousand population			1.03**
Population 65 years and over	1.01	1.02*	1.02***
Uninsurance rate	1.01	0.93***	0.96***
Household income (USD)	1.002	0.99**	1.01***
Medicare advantage penetration	1.0002	1.001	1.003
Competition (HHI)	0.10	0.10	0.10*

Note. N = number of nursing homes; NFPI = not-for -profit independent; NFPC = not for profit chain; FPI = for profit independent; FPC = for profit chain; RNs = registered nurses; LPNs = licensed practical nurses; CNAs = certified nursing aides; FTE = full-time equivalent; USD = United States Dollar; HHI = Herfindahl–Hirschman Index.

^*P < .05. **P < .01. ***P < .001.