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. 2024 Oct 17;17:11786388241285544. doi: 10.1177/11786388241285544

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© The Author(s) 2024

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 2. — Effects of intake of carbohydrates and fats on heart rate (HR) and HR variability parameters: 1-hour-average analysis.

(a) The HR is not significantly different among the standard and experimental diets.

(b) The high frequency (HF) power has a higher tendency in the carb-diet period than in the standard-diet period during the dark period but is not significantly different between any of the experimental- and standard-diet periods.

(c) The low frequency (LF) power is significantly higher between 00:00 and 01:00 and between 04:00 and 05:00 in the fat-diet period than in the standard-diet period (P < .05).

(d) The LF/HF ratio is significantly higher between 23:00 and 01:00 in the fat-diet period than in the standard-diet period (P < .05).

Carb: carbohydrate, LF/HF: ratio of LF to HF, *P < .05