Table 3.
The relationships among the CS-COIDP, sociodemographic, and clinical factors
| CS-COIDP | Eating | Speaking | Cleaning | Relaxing | Smiling | Emotional | Studying | Contact-people | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child’s gendera | |||||||||
|
Male (n = 44) Female (n = 61) P value |
7.98 ± 12.88 10.56 ± 13.97 0.313 |
0.29 ± 1.47 0.81 ± 2.36 0.144 |
0.54 ± 1.91 0.60 ± 1.86 0.773 |
0.45 ± 1.57 0.57 ± 1.35 0.526 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.12 0.396 |
1.45 ± 2.60 2.08 ± 3.12 0.385 |
2.65 ± 3.38 2.88 ± 3.72 0.843 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.12 0.396 |
0.34 ± 1.47 0.60 ± 1.85 0.376 |
| Child’s age (mean ± SD) (r) | -0.105 | -0.007 | 0.038 | -0.203* | -0.042 | 0.084 | -0.135 | -0.042 | 0.010 |
| Mothers’ education level a | |||||||||
|
≤ 8 years (n = 49) > 8 years (n = 56) P value |
13.91 ± 16.78 5.60 ± 8.19 0.009 |
0.91 ± 2.37 0.32 ± 1.68 0.032 |
1.22 ± 2.60 0.01 ± 0.13 < 0.001 |
0.77 ± 1.78 0.30 ± 1.04 0.036 |
0.02 ± 0.14 0.00 ± 0.00 0.285 |
2.16 ± 3.09 1.51 ± 2.75 0.178 |
4.06 ± 3.93 1.67 ± 2.80 0.001 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.13 0.350 |
0.85 ± 2.31 0.17 ± 0.76 0.072 |
| Fathers’ education level a | |||||||||
|
≤ 8 years (n = 32) > 8 years (n = 73) P value |
14.58 ± 17.68 7.24 ± 10.63 0.079 |
1.21 ± 2.80 0.32 ± 1.55 0.032 |
1.28 ± 2.72 0.27 ± 1.25 0.001 |
1.12 ± 2.12 0.26 ± 0.92 0.005 |
0.03 ± 0.17 0.00 ± 0.00 0.131 |
1.71 ± 2.83 1.86 ± 2.97 0.956 |
4.15 ± 4.04 2.19 ± 3.19 0.018 |
0.03 ± 0.17 0.00 ± 0.00 0.131 |
0.93 ± 2.34 0.30 ± 1.30 0.011 |
| Caregivers’ gender a | |||||||||
|
Female (n = 74) Male (n = 31) P value |
10.84 ± 14.75 6.22 ± 9.43 0.179 |
0.70 ± 2.19 0.35 ± 1.64 0.473 |
0.68 ± 1.97 0.32 ± 1.62 0.142 |
0.55 ± 1.54 0.45 ± 1.20 0.961 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.03 ± 0.17 0.122 |
2.05 ± 2.98 1.25 ± 2.70 0.289 |
3.12 ± 3.63 2.00 ± 3.33 0.120 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.03 ± 0.17 0.122 |
0.68 ± 1.99 0.03 ± 0.17 0.060 |
| Income (mean ± SD) (r) | -0.047 | -0.062 | -0.149 | -0.206* | -0.170 | -0.160 | 0.017 | 0.162 | 0.056 |
| Tooth brushing a | |||||||||
|
≤ once a day (n = 53) ≥ twice a day (n = 52) P value |
14.59 ± 16.12 4.27 ± 7.29 < 0.001 |
0.98 ± 2.54 0.21 ± 1.27 0.048 |
1.05 ± 2.49 0.09 ± 0.56 0.002 |
0.96 ± 1.87 0.07 ± 0.55 < 0.001 |
0.01 ± 0.13 0.00 ± 0.00 0.322 |
2.18 ± 3.10 1.44 ± 2.69 0.083 |
4.37 ± 3.81 1.17 ± 2.41 < 0.001 |
0.01 ± 0.13 0.00 ± 0.00 0.322 |
0.90 ± 2.27 0.07 ± 0.55 0.001 |
| Dental attendance a | |||||||||
|
Regular (n = 34) Symptom-oriented (n = 71) P value |
6.04 ± 9.65 11.13 ± 14.81 0.106 |
0.79 ± 2.59 0.50 ± 1.73 0.946 |
0.26 ± 1.54 0.73 ± 2.00 0.027 |
0.11 ± 0.68 0.71 ± 1.66 0.012 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.11 0.489 |
1.50 ± 2.59 1.97 ± 3.06 0.343 |
1.55 ± 2.56 3.38 ± 3.84 0.030 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.11 0.489 |
0.11 ± 0.68 0.67 ± 1.99 0.045 |
| Dental flossing a | |||||||||
|
Don’t use (n = 91) Use (n = 14) P value |
10.45 ± 14.13 3.17 ± 5.51 0.025 |
0.69 ± 2.18 0.00 ± 0.00 0.195 |
0.64 ± 1.99 0.14 ± 0.53 0.403 |
0.56 ± 1.49 0.28 ± 1.06 0.346 |
0.01 ± 0.10 0.00 ± 0.00 0.695 |
1.98 ± 3.04 0.71 ± 1.48 0.117 |
3.04 ± 3.69 1.14 ± 1.99 0.087 |
0.01 ± 0.10 0.00 ± 0.00 0.695 |
0.57 ± 1.82 0.00 ± 0.00 0.134 |
| Daily sugar intake a | |||||||||
|
≥ 3 a day (n = 8) < 3 a day (n = 97) P value |
3.99 ± 4.02 9.93 ± 13.93 0.541 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.64 ± 2.12 0.343 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.62 ± 1.94 0.234 |
0.50 ± 1.41 0.52 ± 1.45 0.806 |
0.12 ± 0.35 0.00 ± 0.00 < 0.001 |
1.00 ± 1.41 1.88 ± 3.00 1.00 |
1.25 ± 2.37 2.91 ± 3.63 0.136 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.10 0.774 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.53 ± 1.76 0.272 |
| ICON treatment need a | |||||||||
|
No (n = 35) Yes (n = 70) P value |
1.66 ± 2.81 13.39 ± 15.01 < 0.001 |
0.25 ± 1.52 0.77 ± 2.25 0.109 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.87 ± 2.24 0.003 |
0.02 ± 0.16 0.77 ± 1.72 0.008 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.11 0.480 |
0.37 ± 1.13 2.54 ± 3.25 < 0.001 |
0.54 ± 1.17 3.91 ± 3.83 < 0.001 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.11 0.480 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.74 ± 2.04 0.007 |
| Self-perceived treatment need a | |||||||||
|
Yes (n = 66) No (n = 39) P value |
13.27 ± 15.27 3.06 ± 5.86 < 0.001 |
0.81 ± 2.31 0.23 ± 1.44 0.068 |
0.86 ± 2.27 0.10 ± 0.64 0.009 |
0.81 ± 1.76 0.02 ± 0.16 0.003 |
0.01 ± 0.12 0.00 ± 0.00 0.442 |
2.39 ± 3.14 0.84 ± 2.20 0.002 |
3.84 ± 3.90 1.00 ± 1.87 0.001 |
0.01 ± 0.12 0.00 ± 0.00 0.442 |
0.78 ± 2.10 0.00 ± 0.00 0.003 |
| ICON complexity b | |||||||||
|
Easy (A, n = 8) Mild (B, n = 35) Moderate (C, n = 12) Difficult (D, n = 3) Very difficult (E, n = 47) P value Post hoc group comprasionc |
0.17 ± 0.49 2.53 ± 3.00 4.51 ± 3.65 16.20 ± 17.25 17.08 ± 16.45 < 0.001 A vs. E B vs. E P < 0.001 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.25 ± 1.52 0.75 ± 2.59 0.00 ± 0.00 0.95 ± 2.41 0.220 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 1.29 ± 2.64 < 0.001 B vs. E P < 0.001 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.02 ± 0.16 0.33 ± 1.15 1.66 ± 2.08 0.95 ± 1.92 0.002 B vs. E P = 0.023 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.08 ± 0.28 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.101 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.65 ± 1.41 0.58 ± 1.16 4.33 ± 4.50 3.14 ± 3.51 < 0.001 A vs. E P = 0.013 B/E P = 0.002 |
0.12 ± 0.35 0.82 ± 1.40 1.50 ± 1.88 4.33 ± 4.50 4.93 ± 4.01 < 0.001 A vs. E P = 0.004 B vs. E P < 0.001 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 0.02 ± 0.14 0.872 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.05 ± 0.23 0.00 ± 0.00 1.33 ± 2.30 0.97 ± 2.40 0.055 |
| Caries experience a | |||||||||
|
DMFT + dmft = 0 (n = 34) DMFT + dmft ≥ 1 (n = 71) P value |
7,96 ± 12.61 10.21 ± 13.97 0.295 |
0.26 ± 1.54 0.76 ± 2.23 0.122 |
0.44 ± 1.67 0.64 ± 1.97 0.589 |
0.35 ± 1.15 0.60 ± 1.57 0.185 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.11 0.489 |
1.44 ± 2.60 2.00 ± 3.05 0.201 |
2.70 ± 3.56 2.83 ± 3.59 0.945 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.01 ± 0.11 0.489 |
0.52 ± 1.77 0.47 ± 1.68 0.924 |
| Gingival health status a | |||||||||
|
GI ≤ 1 (n = 58) GI > 1 (n = 47) P value |
5.36 ± 9.72 14.56 ± 15.76 < 0.001 |
0.56 ± 2.06 0.63 ± 2.03 0.737 |
0.32 ± 1.39 0.89 ± 2.31 0.021 |
0.12 ± 0.56 1.02 ± 1.97 0.003 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.02 ± 0.14 0.267 |
0.98 ± 1.97 2.85 ± 3.52 < 0.001 |
1.62 ± 2.56 4.23 ± 4.09 0.002 |
0.00 ± 0.00 0.02 ± 0.14 0.267 |
0.24 ± 1.28 0.80 ± 2.08 0.014 |
SD: standard deviation; CS-COIDP: Condition-Specific Child Oral Impact on Daily Performances; a statistical evaluation using Mann–Whitney U test; bKruskal–Wallis test, c Dunn test with Bonferroni correction; r: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, *p < 0.05