Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study participants classified by the presence of PUD.
| Characteristics | PUD (n = 88,297) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PUD (−) (n = 76,388) |
PUD (+) (n = 11,909) |
p | |
| Age (year) | 49.5 ± 11.1 | 53.5 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| Male sex (%) | 20.8 | 22.5 | <0.001 |
| DM (%) | 4.3 | 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 10.4 | 13.9 | <0.001 |
| Secondhand smoke (%) | 7.9 | 8.1 | 0.527 |
| Alcohol history (%) | 2.9 | 3.3 | 0.039 |
| Betel nut chewing history (%) | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.021 |
| Regular exercise habits (%) | 40.6 | 45.7 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.2 ± 18.8 | 119.9 ± 18.2 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.7 ± 11.2 | 72.6 ± 10.8 | 0.154 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.7 | 23.7 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.8 ± 19.4 | 95.8 ± 18.1 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.4 ± 1.5 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 107.4 ± 78.2 | 109.7 ± 80.3 | 0.003 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.3 ± 35.8 | 198.0 ± 35.5 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 56.3 ± 13.3 | 56.5 ± 13.7 | 0.068 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 120.7 ± 31.7 | 121.6 ± 31.3 | 0.004 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 105.8 ± 24.1 | 102.7 ± 23.9 | <0.001 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 0.959 |
PUD, peptic ulcer disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; BP, blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index.